Biology ch 4
Terms
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- cell wall
- a layer of material, normally made up of cellulose, that is outside the plasma membrane of plants, fungi, backeria and some protists. it protects, supports cell
- plasma membrane
- isolates cell contents from environment, regulates movement of materials into and out of cell, communicates with other cells
- gentic material
- encodes information needed to contsruct cell and control cellular activity (dna)
- chromosomes
- contain and control use of dna
- nucleus
- membrance bound container for chromosomes/genetic material
- nuclear envelope
- double membrance system surrouding that encloses nucleus of eukaryotic cells; regulates movement of materials into and out of nucleus
- necleolus
- synthesizes components of ribosomes
- mitochondria
- has double membrane - extracts energy from sugar molecules and stored in ATP bonds - produce energy by aerobic metabolism
- chloroplasts
- the organelle in plans and plantlike protists that performs photosynthesis, surrounded by a double membrane
- ribosomes
- provide site of protein synthesis
- smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- provides site for molecules (such as phospholipids and choloesteral ) to be packaged and shipped elsewhere in the cell
- rough endoplasmic reticulum
- series of interconnected membrane encolsed channels in the cytoplasm - has embedded ribosomes and provides sites wehre proteins are manufactured
- golgi complex
- a stack of membranous sacs, found in most eukaryotic cells, that is the site of processing and separtion of membrance components and secretory materials - modifies and packages proteins and lipids, synthesizes carbohydrates - used as transfer station for substances
- lysosomes
- organelle containing digestive enzymes
- central vacuole
- a large, fluid filled vacuole occupying most of the volume of many plant cells - helps keep the right amount of water in the cell and provides a dump site for hazardous waste
- cytoskeleton
- a network of protein fibers in the cytoplasm that gives shape and support to cell; positions and moves cell parts
- centrioles
- synthesize microtubules of cilia and flagella
- cilia and flagella
- move cell through fluid or move fluid past cell surface
- cytoplasm
- material inside plasma membrane where most of the cells metabolic activies occur
- nucleoid region
- holds dna in prokaryotic cells