Biology DNA vocabulary
Terms
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copy deck
- SPONTANEOUS
- the process of living things coming about from nonliving things
- A-SEXUAL
- process of one living thing making 2 new living things (by itself)
- MITOSIS
- the process of one cell dividing into 2 new cells with the same chromosomes
- MEIOSIS
- the process of making 4 sex cells from one cell (each new cell is a haploid)
- HAPLOID
- cells that have half the normal number of chromosomes
- DIPLOID
- cells that have 2 copies of each chromosome (most cells are like this)
- DOMINANT
- a gene you always see because it overpowers the weaker gene
- RECESSIVE
- a gene that is weaker nd is only seen if there are two copies of it
- HOMOZYGOUS
- having 2 copies of the same gene
- HETEROZYGOUS
- having 2 different genes (one dominant & one recessive)
- PHENOTYPE
- what an organism physically looks like (like having blue eyes)
- GENOTYPE
- what types of genes a person has (like Bb, etc.)
- DNA
- stores information for your cells and is shaped in a double helix
- NUCLEOTIDES
- this chemical is the building block of DNA and RNA (A, C, G, and T or U)
- CHROMOSOME
- a whole bunch of DNA wound up (we have 46 in each cell)
- GENE
- a section of DNA that has information for one trait (we have 1000s)
- TRANSCRIPTION
- the process of making a messenger RNA copy of DNA
- TRANSLATION
- the process of reading the RNA and making the right proteins
- NUCLEUS
- the place where DNA is stored
- RIBOSOME
- the part of the cell that puts proteins together
- mRNA
- this makes a copy of the DNA(because the DNA can't laeve the nucleus)
- tRNA
- this carries the right amino acids to the ribosome
- CODON
- three nucleotides (letters) of RNA that tells the ribosome one amino acid
- AMINO ACID
- a chain of this is a protein (building block or proteins is this chemical)
- PROTEIN
- molecules in our body that makes us what we are (for example melanin gives us skin color, insulin controls how we use sugar, keratin makes up our hair and nails, etc.)