Bio CH2
Terms
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- matter
- anything that takes up space and has mass
- element
- a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions
- compound
- substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio
- trace elements
- elements required by an organism in only minute quantities
- atom
- smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element
- neutrons, protons, and electrons
- three types of subatomic particles
- atomic nucleus
- neutrons and protons are packed together tightly to form a dense core known as ___
- neutral
- a neutron has a ___ charge
- positive
- protons have a ___ charge
- proton and neutron
- which two subatomic particles are almost identical in mass
- dalton, atomic mass unit, amu
- a unit of measurement to measure the mass of an atom
- atomic number
- the number of protons in an element is the ___ ___
- mass number
- sum of the protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is known as the ___ ___
- atomic mass
- approximation of the total mass of an atom
- isotopes
- atoms with different numbers of neutrons
- radioactive isotope
- when the nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off particles and energy you have a ___ ___
- energy
- the capacity to cause change by doing work
- potential energy
- the energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure
- energy levels
- the different states of potential energy that electrons have in an atom
- electron shells
- symbolic representation of the average distance of an electron around a nucleus of an atom
- lowest
- the first shell closet to the nucleus has the ___ potentional energy
- highest
- electrons in the outermost shell have the ___ amount of energy
- valence electrons
- the outermost shell of electrons are called the ___ ___
- valence shell
- the outermost shell of electrons is called the ___ ___
- orbital
- the 3-dimentional space where an electron is found 90% of the time
- chemical bonds
- attractions that keep the atoms close together
- covalent bond
- the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms is a ___ ___
- molecule
- when two or more atoms are held together by a covalent bond it constitutes a ___
- single bond
- a single pair of shared electrons, such as in Hsub2
- structural formula
- the representation of the bonds between atoms (H-H,O=O)
- double bond
- when atoms share two covalent bonds it is a ___ ___
- valence
- the bonding capacity is called the ___, and it usually equals the number of unpaired electrons in the atom's outermost shell
- electronegativity
- the attraction of a particular kind of atom for the electrons of a covalent bond
- nonpolar covalent bond
- a bond where the electronegativity of both atoms is the same (H2,O2)
- polar covalent bond
- a bond where one atom has more electronegativity than the other
- ion
- a charged atom (or molecule)
- cation
- a positively charged ion
- anion
- a negatively charged ion
- ionic bond
- the attraction between opposite charges (cation and anion)
- ionic compounds, aka salts
- compounds formed by ionic bonds are called ___ ___, or ____
- covalent
- Which consist of molecules, covalent bonds or ionic bonds?
- van der Waals interactions
- ever-changing hot spots of positive and negative charge that enable all atoms and molecules to stick to one another
- chemical reactions
- the making and breaking of chemical bonds, leading to changes in the composition of matter are ___ ___