Art History Chapters 5-9 Art Across Time
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- How were Pompeiian houses focused?
- inwardly focused w/ lavish interiors
- who welcomed all religions in the Roman Empire?
- Constantine in his edict
- how many styles were there in the wall murals of pompeiian houses?
- four styles
- the house of mysteries had what painted on the walls?
- the intitiation ceremonies of a dyonistic cult
- was some perspective used in pompeiian paintings?
- yes the beginning of perspective happened here.
- were still lifes present at pompeii?
- yes the 4th style liked them. an example is the peaches and water jar.
- what happened in 79 b.c.?
- mt. vesuvius erupts.
- Early Christianity and Byzantine art occured when?
- 245-1545 AD
- the change from pagan to monotheistic society was_______.
- huge
- cult religions were present in the roman empire. Was there one major cult?
- no. many different cults were very popular. 12 major ones in certain places.
- early christianity's artisans followed what style because of where they lived?
- greek and roman art.
- what is syncretism
- where other cultures assimilate earlier traditions of other cultures
- the three monotheistic religions are: ?
- judaism, christianity, islamic religion
- what is a catecomb?
- a burial place underground that was often connected to other ones for safety from the Roman Empire.
- what is an orant?
- person w/ hands held upward as if seeking salvation.
- early christians built churches shaped like roman basilicas b/c -----?
- it was the only building not associated w/ paganism.
- what is a nave?
- the double-wide aisle in the middle of a church
- how are church's defined?
- by the aisles.
- the semicircle at the end of the nave is called?
- the apse
- the transept is?
- the top of the church that is at the beginning of the nave. shaped like a t.
- how are cathedrals classified?
- by the number of aisleways they have
- the "welcome center" of the cathedrals that are at the entrances of the sanctuary is called...
- the narthex
- because most could not read, christianity was primarily taught through....?
- the images and artwork of early christianity.
- the two main plans for churches were named:
- longitudinal and centralized structures
- in centralized churches the nave is where?
- wraped around the altar space into a circular shape w/ a clerstory.
- what is the bent nave?
- ambulatory
- the brilliant display of mosaics is found inside the _____?
- the masoleum of galla placidia
- what is a lunette?
- a small semicircle image often found in mosaics
- how did the production of mosaics change?
- they became flatter and simpler to better communicate their message
- what were the two churches in Ravenna?
- san vitale & galla placidia
- Who made an edict that proclaimed the persecutions of all non-christians?
- Justinian
- who made an edict that welcomed all christians and all religions?
- constantine
- once christianity was popular what happened to pagan art?
- many sculptures were reused for other purposes or destroyed along w/ other artforms
- theodora was whose wife?
- justinian
- the center of Justinian's empire was in....
- ravenna, italy
- octogonal church in ravenna that was centrally planned
- san vitale
- term for tile pieces:
- tesserae
- primary materials for making codexes?
- parchment and vellum, better than papyrus
- what is a codex?
- an early form of a book; came after scrolls
- what did codexes usually contain?
- both writing and images that communicated the same thing. bare necessityish; religious symbolism; ink and paper
- huge complex with dome in constantinople
- hagia sophia
- what is a pendentive?
- A structural element that puts a dome on a square space. circle in square hole.
- who invented the pendentive
- the builders of the hagia sophia; constantinople
- what is iconoclasm>
- the destruction of christian images. christ on a cross - icon and to be destroyed b/c destracting from praying and don't worship the image but god
- which style stayed in Russian until after the 1400s?
- byzantine style
- the russian 2 angels are also considered to be a precursor of:
- the trinity
- what are the two factions of islam
- shiite and sunni
- anti-iconic art is important in what religion?
- islam
- caligraphy is sacred in what society?
- islamic
- who is the last prophet of islam?
- muhammad
- what happened in 660 in religion?
- the schism of islam
- islamic's koran is in what language?
- arabic
- islamic people celebrate what: the inside or outside of buildings?
- neither; they decorate and love both
- what is the worship space for islam called?
- mosque
- which religion's worship space had minerette towers?
- islam
- who prays five times daily?
- muslims
- where is the mosque of cordoba?
- spain