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Apollo med terms ch. 4

Terms

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abduction
The movement of a limb away from the midline of the body
achillies tendinitis
inflamtion of the achilles tendon
adduction
The movement of a limb toward the midline of the body
adhesion
A band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally
anticholinergic
Mediation administered to control spasmodic activity of smooth muscles
ataxia
Inability to coordinate the muscles in the execution of voluntary movement
atonic
Lack of normal muscle tone
atrophy
weakness and wasting away of muscle tissue
atropine
an antispasmodic that may be administered preoperattively to relax smooth muscles
bradykinesia
estreme slowness in movement
circumduction
the circular movement at the end of a limb
contracture
abnormal shortening of muscle tissues making the muscle resistant to stretching
dorsiflexion
movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle
dyskinesia
distortion or impairment of voluntary movement as in a tic or spasm
dystaxia
difficulty in controlling voluntary movement
dystonia
a condition of abnormal muscle tone
electromyography
records the strength of muscle contractions as the result of elecrrical stimulation
epicondylitis
inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow
ergonomics
the study of human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment
fasciitis
inflammation of a fascia
fascioplasty
surgical repair of a fascia
fibromyalgia syndrome
a chronic disorder of unknown cause characterized by widespread aching pain, tender points, and fatigue
ganglion cyst
a harmless fluid filled swelling that occurs most commonly in the outer surface of the wrist
hemiparesis
slight paralysis of one side of the body
hemiplegia
total paralysis of one side of the body
hyperkinesia
abnormally increased motor function or activity
hypertonia
a condition of excessive tone of the skeletal muscles with increased resistance of muscle to passive stretching
impingement syndrome
occurs when the tendons become inflamed and get caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint
intermittent claudication
pain in the leg muscles that occurs in the legs during exercise and is relieved by rest
kinesiology
the study of muscular activity and the resulting movement of body parts
muscular dystrophy
a group of inherited muscle disorders that causes muscle weakness without affecting the nervous system
myalgia
muscle tenderness or pain
myasthenia gravis
a chronic autoimmune disease in which there is an abnormality in the neuromuscular function causing episodes of muscle weakness
myocele
protrusion of a muscle through its ruptured sheath or fascia
myoclonus
a spasm or twitching of a muscle or group of muscles
myofascial damage
tenderness and swelling of the muscles and their surrounding fascia that are casued by overuse
myolysis
degeneration of muscle tissue
myoparesis
a weakness or slight paralysis of a muscle
myorrhaphy
to suture a muscle wound
myosistis
the inflammation of a skeletal muscle
myotonia
delayed relaxation of a muscle after a strong contraction
paraplegia
paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body
physiatrist
a physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation
plantar fasciitis
an inflammation of the plantar fascia causing foot or heel pain when walking or running
polymyositis
a chronic progressive disease affecting the skeletal muscles that is characterized by muscle weakness and atrophy
pronation
rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward or backward
quadriplegia
paralysis of all four extremities
sarcopenia
the age-related reduction in skeletal muscle mass in the elderly
singultus
myoclonus of the diaphragm, which causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm
spasmodic torticollis
a stiff neck die to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pulls the kead toward the affected side
sphincter
a ringlike muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway
supination
the act of rotating the arm so that the palm of the hand is forward or upward
tenodesis
to suture the end of a tendon to the bone
tenodynia
Pain in a tendon
tenorrhaphy
suturing of a divided tendon
bi-
two
-cele
hernia
dys-
bad
fasci/o
cover, support, and separate muscles
-ia
condition
-ic
pertaining to
kinesi/o
movement
fibr/o
fibrous connective tissue
my/o
muscle
plegia
paralysis
rrhexis
rupture
tax/o
coordination
ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
attach muscles to bones
ton/o
tone
tri-
three

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