Anatomy Muscles 25-50
Terms
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- Stylohyoid origin and insertion
- origin: Styloid process of temporal bone; insertion: Hyoid bone
- Mylohyoid action
- Elevates hyoid bone and floor of mouth, enabling tongue to exert backward and upward pressure that forces food bolus into pharynx
- Mylohyoid innervation
- Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve
- Digastric origin and insertion
- origin: Lower margin of mandible (anterior belly) and mastoid process of the temporal bone (posterior belly); insertion: By a connective tissue loop to hyoid bone
- Stylohyoid action
- Elevates and retracts hyoid, thereby elongating floor of mouth during swallowing
- Stylohyoid innervation
- Facial nerve
- Styloglossus origin and insertion
- origin: Styloid process of temporal bone; insertion: Lateral inferior aspect of tongue
- Digastric action
- Acting in concert, the digastric muscles elevate hyoid bone and steady it during swallowing and speech; acting from behind, they open mouth (prime mover) and depress mandible
- Digastric innervation
- Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve for anterior belly; Facial nerve for posterior belly
- Hyoglossus origin and insertion
- origin: Body and greater horn of hyoid bone; insertion: Inferolateral tongue
- Styloglossus action
- Retracts (and elevates) tongue
- Styloglossus innervation
- Hypoglossal nerve
- Genioglossus origin and insertion
- origin: Internal surface of mandible near symphysis; insertion: Inferior aspect of the tongue and body of hyoid bone
- Hyoglossus action
- Depresses tongue and draws its sides downward
- Hyoglossus innervation
- Hypoglossal nerve
- Buccinator origin and insertion
- origin: Molar region of maxilla and mandible; insertion: Orbicularis oris
- Genioglossus action
- Primarily protrudes tongue, but can depress or act in concert with other extrinsic muscles to retract tongue
- Genioglossus innervation
- Hypoglossal nerve
- Lateral Pterygoid origin and insertion
- origin: Greater wing and lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone; insertion: Condyle of mandible and capsule of temporomandibular joint
- Buccinator action
- Draws corner of mouth laterally; compresses cheek (as in whistling and sucking); holds food between teeth during chewing; well developed during nursing infants
- Buccinator innervation
- Facial nerve
- Medial Pterygoid origin and insertion
- origin: Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone, maxilla, and palatine bone; insertion: Medial surface of mandible near its angle
- Lateral Pterygoid action
- Protrudes mandible (pulls it anteriorly); provides forward sliding and side-to-side grinding movements of the lower teeth
- Lateral Pterygoid innervation
- Trigeminal nerve
- Temporalis origin and insertion
- origin: Temporal fossa; insertion: Coronoid process of mandible via a tendon that passes beneath zygomatic arch