Anatomy Lecture 1
Terms
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- Medullary Hemopoiesis
- Hemopoiesis which takes place in the bone marrow.
- Extramedullary Hemopoiesis
- Hemopoiesis which takes place in the liver and spleen
- When does extramedullary hemopoiesis occur in adults?
- When the bone marrow is fibrosed or destroyed.
- Is extramedullary hemopoiesis as efficient as medullary hemopoiesis?
- No, Medullary hemopoiesis is more efficient.
- What are hemocytoblasts?
- pluripotent stem cells
- What does proerythroblasts develop into?
- Erythrocytes
- What does myeloblasts develop into?
- Granulocytes
- What does monoblasts develop into?
- Monocytes
- What does megakaryotes develop into?
- Thrombocytes
- What does PBSC stands for?
- Peripheral blood stem cells
- How can we use PBSCs?
- We can collect them and transplant them into the medullary cavities of a leukimia patient after killing his original stem cells using a combination of chemotherapy and radiation.
- Why are umbilical cord blood stem cells better than PBSCs and Bonemarrow stem cells?
- Because those pluripotent stem cells are less prone to rejection by the body of the patient.
- What's Graft vc Host disease?
- It's when the transplanted cells attack the host body.
- What is the definition of unipotent stem cells?
- Those are cells which can develop into one type of blood cells.
- What is the lifespan of erythrocytes?
- 120 days
- If unipotent cells are found in the circulating blood, then the disrase probably is?
- Acute leukimia
- What controls the production of blood cells?
- Hematopoietic growth factors(cytokines && || hormones)
- What percentage of the bone marrow produces leukocytes?
- 75%
- Why is there a discrepancy between the number of leukocytes stem cells and the number of leukocytes in the circulating blood?
- Because Leukocytes have a short lifespan(warriors dying)
- Where do dead red blood cells go?
- to liver and spleen where they are ingested by phagocytic cells.
- How much time do stem cells need to mature into their daughter cells?
- about a week
- What is serum?
- Serum is blood plasma without fibrinogen and other clotting factors.
- Describe bone marrow
- It is a highly vascular(full of blood vessels and channels) cellular substance in the medullary cavity of some bones.
- What are sinusoids?
- A small blood capillary similar to a blood vessel but filled with fenestrated endothelium.
- What are the protective functions of skin?
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1- Protection of internal organs.
2- Protection against dehydration.
3- Protection against microorganisms. - What are the other functions of the skin?
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Sensation
Secretion of sweat and milk(mammary glands) - What is the superficial fascia?
- The superficial fascia is a connective tissue full of fats.
- What is the function of fascia?
- It surrounds bones, muscles, and joints, providing support and protection and giving structure to the body.
- What are the functions of superficial fascia?
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- Contains fat.
- Binds skin to deep fascia.
- Heat insulator.
- Food Store.
- Gives rounded contour.
- Contains vessels & nerves going to the skin. - What is deep fascia?
- Dense connective tissue which forms a dense and strong membrane
- What does superficial fascia contain?
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- Blood Vessels.
- Lymph Vessels.
- Nerves. - What is the rtymology of the word fascia?
- Latin, Band, bands.
- what are the functions of deep fascia?
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- invests deep structures
- Gives attachment to muscles. - Name 2 places where deep fascia is located.
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- Palmar aponeurosis.(to protect underlying nerves)
- Retinaculum.(to keep the wrist tendons in position) - Name 2 places where deep fasci is absent.
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- Most of the face.(not to prevent that facial expressions)
- Anterior walls of the abdomen. - What are the types of bones as seen by the naked eye?
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- Compact.(smooth, no pores)
- Cancellous.(Spongy) - What is the etymology of cancellous?
- Latin, Cancelli(intersecting), Osseus(Bars & plates)
- What fills the spaces in the cancellous bone?
- Bone Marrow
- What are the types of bones according to shape?
- long, short, flat, irregular.
- Give 2 examples of short bones
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- Carpal bones of the wrist.
- Tarsal bones of the feet - what is the name of the bone which holds the teeth?
- Maxilla(Latin mala = jaw)
- What is the name of the knee bone?
- Patella
- What are sesamoids?
- Bones which exist inside a tendon.
- What is the name of bones which contain air?
- Pneumatic bones