Anatomy 332 - Week 7-12
Terms
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- Lymphatic fluid is described as...
- Clear and colorless
- Lymph vessels contain what type of valves?
- One-way
- The lymph flow from the right side of the body empties where?
- Into the right lymphatic duct AKA right thoracic duct
- The lymph fluid that does not go to the right thoracic duct goes where?
- Into the left thoracic duct
- Name the 4 areas of the body that do not contain lymph vessels.
-
1. Avascular Tissue
2. CNS and eye (brain/spinal)
3. Spleen
4. Bone Marrow - Name for the side trip venouse blood from the GI tract takes to the liver before dumping into the inferior vena cava.
- Portal hepatic system
- Blood from what organs takes the side trip?
- Esophagus down to the bottom of the large intestine (rectum)
- 2 organs that contribute venouse blood to the portal hepatic system
-
1. Spleen
2. Pancreas - Final vein that goes into the liver. Stuff from all other veins
- Hepatic vein
- A one way system that carries leftover fluid from the tissue spaces back to the heart
- Lymphatic system
- Small vessels the size of capillaries that collect leftover fluid, protein and debris from intercelular areas
- Lymphatic capillaries
- Lymph capillaries joined together to form slightly larger vessels
- Lymphatic vessels
- How do lymphatic vessels run?
- They run side by side and are not visible to the naked eye
- How does lymph fluid move?
- It is very sluggish and is moved by contraction of surrounding muscles
- The structure of a lymph node is described as having what kind of a shape?
- A capsule that has a tough outer coating of connective tissue
- What is the name for the part of the capsule that divides the lymph node into sections or projections of capsule ino the node?
- The trabeculae of the capsule
- What is the name for the stuff that goes in to the node?
- Hilius
- What is the name for the part of the lymph nodes that does all of the work?
- Parenchymia
- The parenchymia is composes of what two sections?
- An outer cortex and an inner medulla
- Spaces called sinuses just under the capsule
- Cortex
- Name for the filters of the parenchmia
- Cotical nodules
- Area that produces the white cells and keeps the nodes healthy
- Germinal centers
- Item that starts as sinus stuff
- Medulla
- Item that catches filtered fluid and comes down through the cortex
- Medullary sinuses
- Type of node that is located around the subnamdibular around the neck
- Cervical nodes
- Type of node that is around the front/upper chest and is related to breast tissue
- Thoracic node
- Type of node located in the armpit
- Axillary node
- Type of node located around the front of the elbow
- Cubital nodes
- Type of nodes that are scattered throughout the small intestine
- Peyer's patches
- Type of node around the groin area
- Inguinal nodes
- Type of node located at the back of the knee
- Popliteal node
- If something is going into the hilius it is what?
- Affarant
- If something is going out through the hilius it is what?
- Effarant
- Name for the item that is defined as like strings of lymphoid cells
- Medullary cords
- The lymphoid tissues is made up of what 4 items?
-
1. Lymphnodes
2. Spleen
3. Thymus gland
4. Tonsils - How are vessels and nodes named?
- They are named for where they are located in the body
-
Lymph nodes are more often found under what conditions?
Isolated or in clusters? - They are more often found in clusters of nodes
- Terminal lymph vessels empty in the ____ or ____ ______ vein and then into the ___ ___ ___
-
Right or left brachiocephalic vein
Superior vena cava - Right lymphatic duct (thoracic) and the upper right quadrant of the trunk drains terminal vessels on what side of the body?
- The right side of the body
- Left lymphatic duct receives lymph from
- the rest of the body
- The GI tract starts where?
- in the mouth inferior to the nasal cavity
- The entire length of the tube from mouth to anus consists an inner lining of secreting and absorbing mucous membrane called what?
- Mucosa
- The nerve plexus that deals with absorbtion
- The meissners plexus
- The nerve plexus that deals with the controling of muscle movement
- Auerbach's plexus
- Anterior margin of the cheeks (opening of cheeks) the muscle that is obiquiaris
- The lips
- The smooth portion of the lips between the mucus membrane - the flesh part
- Bermilion border
- The fleshy lateral borders of the mouth composed of outher layer of skin and inner layer of mucus membrane
- The cheeks
- The buxinator and large amounts of fat are found inbetween what part of the mouth?
- The cheeks
- The hard and soft palate forms what part of the mouth?
- The roof of the mouth
- The part of the pharynx behind the mouth
- The oral pharyx
- The mylohyoid muscle is found where?
- The floor of the mouth
- The vestibule of the mouth is found where?
- Everything in the mouth outside of the teeth
- The oral cavity proper is found where?
- Everything in the mouth inside of the teeth
- How many permanent teeth do we have?
- 32
- How many teeth are on each top side and each bottom?
- 8
- Name for flat sharp teeth that are used for cutting
- Two incisors - central and lateral
- Tooth used for puncturing and tearing
- The canine (eye tooth)
- Teeth used for grinding
- The two premolars or 1st and 2nd bicuspids
- How many molars do we have?
- 3
- Which molar is known as the wisdom tooth?
- The 3rd molar
- The name for the upper visible part of the tooth covered by enamel
- The crown
- The name for the portion of the tooth in the gum
- The root
- Sweet and salty is recognized on what part of the tongue
- The front
- Sour is recognized on what part of the tongue
- The sides and mid portion of the tongue
- Bitter is recognized on what portion of the tongue
- Towards the back of the tongue
- The constricted part of the tooth right at the gum line - the separation area between the crown and the root
- The neck
- The hardest substance in the body that covers the crown - it has the pressure to withstand
- Enamel
- Does enamel repair itself?
- No
- What part of the teeth is the equivalent of bone marrow?
- The pulp
- What is the name for the space within the dentin that contains pulp?
- The pulp cavity or the pulp chamber
- The name for the area of tissue underneath the tongue that holds the tongue to the floor of the mouth
- The lingual frenulum
- The median sulcus divides what part of the tongue?
- The right and left
- Name for the small projections from the superior surface of the tongue
- The papillae of the tongue
- The smallest projection of tissue at the front of the tongue
- Fungoform
- Name for the large rounded things at the back of the tongue in a v-shape
- Vallate
- Name for the row of tissue in back of the tongue
- The lingual tonsils
- The name for the 3 sets of glands that produce saliva
- The salivary glands of the mouth
- The largest of the salivary glands located in the cheeks in front of the lower part of the ears
- The parotid glands
- The opening on the incide of the cheek
- The parotid duct
- Located under the parotid glands opens to the floor of the duct to the Wharton's duct
- The submandibular gland
- The name for the 3-6 openings into the floor of the mouth - the smallest
- Sublingual glands
- The item that consists of voluntary muscle for voluntary contol of swallowing
- The upper end of the esophagus
- What is know as the most dilated portion of the GI tract, expanding to hold up to 1 quart of material?
- The stomach
- What shape is the stomach?
- J shaped
- How long is the lengh and width of the stomach?
- 10 inches long and 6 inches wide
- What is the biggest, wides part of the stomach involved in the majority of the breakdown of proteins?
- The body
- The name for the left side of the stomach
- The greater curvature
- The name for the right side of the stomach
- The lesser curvature
- The area of the stomach above the opening of the esophogus known as the 2nd stomach - designed to let material rot - no excretions
- The fundus
- The opening from the esophogus to the stomach
- The cardiac orifice
- Where the esophogus comes in
- The cardia
- Another name for the lower esophageal sphincter
- The caridac sphincter
- The name for the beginning of the pylorus
- The pyloric antrum
- The name for the major part of the phylorus
- The pyloric canal
- The name for the opening of the pyloris and the SI
- The pyloric orifice
- The name for the 2nd of 1-way valves that keeps food moving in 1 direction
- The pyloric sphincter
- The muscle that gives the grinding function to the stomach
- The Oblique muscle
- The name for the inner lining of the stomach that has more secreting cells than the esophogas
- The mucus membrane
- The name for the item that folds and is capable of stretching when the stomach is filled
- Rugae
- The name for the glands in the stomach that produce gastric juice.
- Gastric gland
- The item that makes pepsinogen that turns into pepsin
- Chief cells
- The part of the stomach that produces hydrochloric acid
- The parietal cells
- The duodenum, jejunum and the ilieum make up what part of the body?
- The small intestine
- What is the lengh of the SI?
- 21 feet long
- This organ is the location of the majority of the processes of digestion and absorption of nutrients
- The SI
- What is the name of the cell that produces mucus and keeps pepsin and hydrochloric acid from eating up the stomach?
- The goblet cell
- What is needed for the absorption of vitamin B12?
- The intrinsic factor
- The name for the lymphatic vessel that takes fat molecules back to the heart
- Lacteals
- Name for food that's chewed in the mouth and mixed with salivary juice and turned into a mushy ball and swallowed
- Bolus
- Name for the semi-fluid substance that's ejected by the stomach and bumped into the small intestine - where nutrients are extracted and absorbed
- Chyme
- Name for chyme as it enters the large intestine
- Feces
- Shape of the duodenum
- Horseshoe
- How many sections does the duodenum have?
- 4
- What is found in the 1st part of the duodenum?
- Gastric juice
- The part of the duodenum that receives pancreatic juices - it is the longest
- The 2nd part of the duodenum or the descending part
- The part of the duodenum that is receiving food which travels towards the LI
- The 3rd part of the duodenum or the ascending part
- The part of the duodenum that is getting food
- The 4 part of the duodenum
- The name for the first 8 feet or the upper 2/5 of the SI
- The jejunum
- The name for the last 12 feet or the lower 3/5 of the SI
- The ileum
- The place where the SI joins up with the LI in the lower right quadrant
- The ileocecal junction/valve
- The item that contains huge #s of digestive glands deep in the mucus membrane with aborptive areas poking out
- The mucuous membrane
- The part of the SI that has a blood supply and lacteals
- The villi or villus
- Name for glands that are buried deep
- Intestinal glands (crypts of Lieberkuhn)
- What organ is described as being the picture frame that surrounds the SI?
- The LI
- Name for the 1st part of the LI - 2nd widest part of the GI tract next to the stomach - found in the lower rt quadrant
- The cecum
- The 3rd of the 1-way valve that separates food from feces
- Ileocecal valve
- The wormlike part of the LI that is 5-20 cm long - functions as a tonsil and protects body from bacteria
- The vermiform apendix
- The shortes part of the LI that is called a colong
- Ascending colon
- The place where ascending colong turns left under the liver
- The right colic flexure or hepatic flexure