Anat- Arm Muscles
Terms
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- biceps brachii short head: origin
- tip of coracoid process of scapula
- biceps brachii long head: origin
- supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
- biceps brachii: insertion
- tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis
- biceps brachii: innervation
- musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)
- biceps brachii: action
- supinates forearm and, when it is supine, flexes forearm; shorthead resists dislocation of shoulder
- biceps brachii: blood supply
- brachial artery, basilic and cephalic vv
- brachialis: origin
- distal half of anterior surface of humerus
- brachialis: insertion
- coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
- brachialis: innervation
- musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)
- brachialis: action
- flexes forearm in all positions
- brachialis: blood supply
- brachial artery, basilic and cephalic veins
- coracobrachialis: origin
- tip of coracoid process of scapula
- coracobrachialis: insertion
- middle third of medial surface of humerus
- coracobrachialis: innervation
- musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)
- coracobrachialis: action
- helps flex and adduct arm; resists dislocation of shoulder
- coracobrachialis: blood supply
- brachial artery, basilic and cephalic veins
- triceps brachii long head: origin
- infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
- triceps brachii lateral head: origin
- posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove
- triceps brachii medial head: origin
- posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove
- triceps brachii: insertion
- proximal end of olecranon of ulna & fascia of forearm
- triceps brachii: innervation
- radial nerve (C6, C7, C8)
- triceps brachii: action
- chief extensor of forearm; long head resists dislocation of humerus; especially important during abduction
- triceps brachii: blood supply
- profunda brachii artery, brachial vein
- anconeus: origin
- lateral epicondyle of humerus
- anconeus: insertion
- lateral surface of olecranon and superior part of posterior surface of ulna
- anconeus: innervation
- radial nerve (C7, C8, T1)
- anconeus: action
- assists triceps in extending forearm; stabilizes elbow joint; may abduct ulna during pronation
- anconeus: blood supply
- profuna brachii artery, brachial vein
- pronator teres ulnar head: origin
- coronoid process
- pronator teres: insertion
- middle of convexity of lateral surface of radius
- pronator teres humeral head: origin
- medial epicondyle of humerus
- pronator teres: innervation
- median nerve (C6, C7)
- pronator teres: action
- pronates and flexes forearm (at elbow)
- pronator teres: blood supply
- ulnar and radial arteries and veins
- flexor carpi radialis: origin
- medial epicondyle of humerus
- flexor carpi radialis: insertion
- base of 2nd (3rd) metacarpal
- flexor carpi radialis: innervation
- median nerve (C6, C7)
- flexor carpi radialis: action
- flexes and abducts hand (at wrist)
- flexor carpi radialis: blood supply
- ulnar and radial arteries, veins
- palmaris longus: origin
- medial epicondyle of humerus
- palmaris longus: insertion
- distal half of flexor retinaculum and apex of palmar aponeurosis
- palmaris longus: innervation
- median nerve (C7, C8)
- palmaris longus: action
- flexes hand at wrist and tenses palmar aponeurosis
- palmaris longus: blood supply
- ulnar and radial arteries and veins
- flexor carpi ulnaris (humeral and ulnar head): origin
- olecranon and posterior border via aponeurosis
- flexor carpi ulnaris: insertion
- pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal
- flexor carpi ulnaris: innervation
- ulnar nerve (C7, C8)
- flexor carpi ulnaris: action
- flexes and adducts hand at wrist
- flexor carpi ulnaris: blood supply
- radial and ulnar arteries and veins
- flexor digitorum superficialis humero-ulnar head: origin
- medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
- flexor digitorum superficialis radial head: origin
- oblique line of radius
- flexor digitorum superficialis: insertion
- shafts of middle phalanges of medial four fingers
- flexor digitorum superficialis: innervation
- median nerve (C7, C8, T1)
- flexor digitorum superficialis: action
- flexes proximal interphalangeal joints of middle four fingers; acting more strongly, it flexes proximal phalanges at metacarpophalangeal joints
- flexor digitorum superficialis: blood supply
- ulnar and radial arteries, veins
- flexor digitorum profundus: origin
- proximal threee quarters of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane
- flexor digitorum profundus: insertion
- bases of distal phalanges of 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th digits
- flexor digitorum profundus: innervation of the lateral part (2-3 digits)
- median nerve (C8, T1) (anterior inertosseus branch)
- flexor digitorum profundus: innervation of medial part (4-5 digits)
- ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
- flexor digitorum profundus: action
- flexes distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2,3,4, and 5; assists w/ flexion
- flexor digitorum profundus: blood supply
- ulnar and radial arteries, veins
- flexor pollices longus: origin
- anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane
- flexor pollices longus: insertion
- base of distal phalanx of thumb
- flexor pollices longus: innervation
- anterior interosseus nerve, from median nerve (C8, T1)
- flexor pollices longus: action
- flexes phalanges of thumb
- flexor pollices longus: blood supply
- ulnar and radial arteries, veins
- pronator quadratus: origin
- distal
- pronator quadratus: insertion
- distal quarter of anterior surface of radius
- pronator quadratus: innervation
- anterior interosseus nerve, from median nerve (C8, T1)
- pronator quadratus: action
- pronates forearm; deep fibers bind radius and ulna together
- brachioradialis: orgin
- proximal two thirds of supraepicondylar ridge of humerus
- brachioradialis: insertion
- lateral surface of distal end of radius proximal to styloid process
- brachioradialis: innervation
- radial nerve (C5, C6, C7)
- brachioradialis: action
- relatively weak flexion of forearm, maximal when forearm is in midpronated position
- brachioradialis: blood supply
- brachial and radial arteries, veins
- extensor carpi radialis longus: origin
- lateral supraepicondylar ridge of humerus
- extensor carpi radialis longus: insertion
- dorsal aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal
- extensor carpi radialis longus: innervation
- radial nerve (C6, C7)
- extensor carpi radialis longus: action
- extend and abduct hand at the wrist joint; extensor carpi radialis brevis active during fist clenching
- extenor carpi radialis longus: blood supply
- radial and brachial arteries, veins
- extensor carpi radialis brevis: origin
- lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor origin)
- extensor carpi radialis brevis: insertion
- dorsal aspect of base of 3rd metacarpal
- extensor carpi radialis brevis: innervation
- deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)
- extensor carpi radialis brevis: action
- extend and abduct hand at the wrist joint & active during fist clenching
- extensor digitorum: origin
- lateral epicondyle of humerus
- extensor digitorum: insertion
- extensor expansions of medial four fingers
- extensor digitorum: innervation
- posterior interosseus nerve (C7, C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
- extensor digitorum: action
- extends medial four fingers primarily at metacarpophalangeal joints, secondarily at interphalangeal joints
- extensor digitorum: blood supply
- anterior and posterior interosseous arteries, veins
- extensor carpi radialis brevis: blood supply
- anterior and posterior interosseous artery, vein
- extensor digiti minimis/quinti: origin
- lateral epicondyle of humerus
- extensor digit minimis/quinti: insertion
- extensor expansion of pinky
- extensor digiti minimis/quinti: innervation
- posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
- extensor digiti minimis/quinti: action
- extends pinky finger primarily at metacarpophalangeal joint, secondarily at interphalangeal joint
- extensor carpi ulnaris: origin
- lateral epicondyle of humerus; posterior border of ulna via a shared aponeurosis
- extensor carpi ulnaris: insertion
- dorsal aspect of base of pinky finger metacarpal
- extensor carpi ulnaris: innervation
- posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
- extensor carpi ulnaris: action
- extends and adducts hand at wrist joint (also active during fist clenching)
- extensor carpi ulnaris: blood supply
- anterior and posterior interosseous artery, vein
- supinator: origin
- lateral epicondyle of humerus; radial collateral and anular ligaments; supinator fossa; crest of ulna
- supinator: insertion
- lateral, posterior, and anterior surfaces of proximal third of radius
- supinator: innervation
- deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)
- supinator: action
- supinates forearm; rotates radius to turn palm anteriorly or superiorly (if elbow is flexed)
- supinator: blood supply
- anterior and posterior interosseous artery and vein
- abductor pollicis longus: origin
- posterior surface of proximal halves of ulna, radius, and interosseous membrane
- abductor pollicis longus: innervation
- posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
- abductor pollicis longus: action
- abducts thumb and extends it at carpometacarpal joints
- abductor pollicis longus: blood supply
- anterior and posterior interosseous artery and vein
- extensor pollicis brevis: origin
- posterior surface of distal third of radius and interosseous membrane
- extensor pollicis brevis: insertion
- dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
- extensor pollicis brevis: innervation
- posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
- extensor pollicis brevis: action
- extends proximal phalanx of thumb at metacarophalangeal joint; extends carpometacarpal joint
- extensor pollicis brevis: blood supply
- anterior and posterior interosseous artery and vein
- extensor pollicis longus: origin
- posterior surface of middle third of ulna and interosseous membrane
- extensor pollicis longus: insertion
- dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb
- extensor pollicis longus: innervation
- posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
- extensor pollicis longus: action
- extends distal phalanx of thumb at interphalangeal joint; extends metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints
- extensor pollicis longus: blood supply
- anterior and posterior interosseous artery, vein
- extensor indicis: origin
- posterior surface of distal third of ulna and interosseous membrane
- extensor indicis: insertion
- extensor expansion of index (2nd) finger
- extenor indicis: innervation
- posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
- extensor indicis: action
- extends index finger (enabling its independent extension); helps extend hand at wrist
- abductor pollicis brevis: origin
- flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
- abductor pollicis brevis: insertion
- lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
- abductor pollicis brevis: innervation
- recurrent branch of medial nerve (C8, T1)
- abductor pollicis brevis: action
- abducts thumb; helps oppose it
- abductor pollicis brevis: blood supply
- radial artery and dorsal venous network of veins
- flexor pollicis brevis: origin
- flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
- flexor pollicis brevis: insertion
- lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
- flexor pollicis brevis: innervation
- recurrent branch of medial nerve (C8, T1)
- flexor pollicis brevis: action
- flexes thumb
- flexor pollicis brevis: blood supply
- radial artery and dorsal venous network of veins
- opponens pollicis: origin
- flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
- opponens pollicis: innervation
- recurrent branch of medial nerve (C8, T1)
- adductor pollicis oblique head: origin
- bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, capitate, adjacent carpals
- adductor pollicis: innervation
- deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
- adductor pollicis: action
- adducts thumb toward lateral border of palm
- adductor pollicis: blood supply
- radial artery and dorsal venous network of veins
- abductor digiti minimi: origin
- pisiform
- abductor digiti minimi: insertion
- medial side of base of proximal phalanx of pinky finger
- abductor digiti minimi: innervation
- deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
- abductor digiti minimi: action
- abducts pinky finger, assists in flexion of its proximal phalanx
- flexor digiti minimi brevis: origin
- hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
- flexor digiti minimi brevis: insertion
- medial side of base of proximal phalanx of pinky finger
- flexor digiti minimi brevis: innervation
- deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
- flexor digiti minimi brevis: action
- flexes proximal phalanx of pinky finger