Analysis Term 1
Terms
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- Motive
- the smallest recognizable (repeated appearance) musical idea. It could be pitch, contour, rhythm or harmony. It could appear exactly as it is or varied, generally without cadence.
- Phrase
- The smallest musical gesture or thought that ends with a cadence. Tonal motion that moves away from an initial tonic, then followed by a cadence.
- Subphrase
- A shorter musical unit without cadence.
- Sentence
- A phrase design of 1+1+2 or 2+2+4
- Period
- A pair of two phrases. 1) Antecedent phrase (weak harmonic conclusion or harmonically open). 2)Consequent Phrase (strong harmonic conclusion or harmonically closed).
- Double Period
- Group of four phrases that form two phrases of antecedent (IAC-HC) and two phrases of consequent (IAC-PAC)
- Repeated Period
- A double period that has a melodic structure of a b a'b' or a b a b with cadence of (HC-PAC) (HC-PAC)
- Parallel Period
- A period in which two phrases share the identical beginning melodic structure or the second phrase is a variant of the first
- Contrast Period
- A period consisting of two quite different phrases (a b)
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Asymmetrical Period
(three-phase period) - Three phases as a unit in which the last phrase of the three ends with PAC. A phrase structure could be a b a, a a' b, or a b b
- Hypermeter
- Interpreting a group of measures as a group of beats
- Phrase Rhythm
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Interaction of hypermeter and phrase structure. It consists of two elements.
1) Hypermeter analysis: Identifying a regular metric alteration of strong and weak measures
2)Phrase analysis: Identifying a melody or musical thought that concludes with cadence - Link (lead-in)
- A short musical passage that connects the end of one melodic phrase with the beginning of the next. Its ending generally coincides with the downbeat of the new phrase
- Elision
- The last note or chord of one phrase simultaneously functioning as the first note or chord of the next
- Overlap
- Voice(s) begin new phrase(s) while other voice(s) are finishing phrases. It creates contrapuntal texture
- Coda
- Extended tonic area or section at the end of a piece