AnP II Ch1
Terms
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- A structure closer to the head
-
Superior
(cranial) - Closer to the feet
- Inferior
- Closer to the buttocks
- Caudal
- Refers to a structure further toward the back of the body than another structure
- Posterior
- Refers to a structure further in in front
- Anterior
- Pertains to a structure colder to the midline of the body
- Medial
- Refers to a structure further away from the midline of the body
- Lateral
- A structure further away from the trunk or the body's midline
- Distal1
- Designates a structure closer to the trunk
- Proximal
- Describes a structure closer to the body's surface
- Superficial
- Refers to a structure deeper in the body
- Deep
- Movement that straightens or opens a joint
- Extension
- Movement that bends a joint or brings the bones closer together
- Flexion
- Brings a limb medially toward the body's midline
- Adduction
- Moves a limb laterally away from the midline
- Abduction
-
Internal rotation that occurs at the shoulder and hip joints
(swings the limb toward the midline) - Medial rotation
-
External rotation that occurs at the shoulder and hip joints
(swings the limb away from the midline) - Lateral rotation
- Pertains only to the axial skeleton (head and vertebral column)
- Rotation
-
Possible only at the shoulder and hip joints
(combines flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction) - Circumduction
-
Occurs only at the axial skeleton
ex: touching ear to shoulder - Lateral flexion
- Occurs when the radius and ulna lie parallel to one and another, turning the palm up
- Supination
- Occurs when the radius crosses over the ulna, turning the palm down
- Pronation