Glossary of AU Biology 110 Chapter 14
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- DNA polymerase
- Any of several enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of DNA from deoxyribonucleotides.
- dNTP (deoxynucleoside triphosphate)
- A monomer that is the essential building block for making a new strand of DNA.
- primase
- An RNA polymerase that synthesizes a short stretch of RNA that acts as a primer for DNA polymerase.
- antiparallel
- Parallel but oriented in opposite directions.
- helicase
- An enzyme that catalyzes the breaking of hydrogen bonds between nucleotides.
- single-strand DNA-binding protein
- A protein that binds to the DNA opened by helicase and prevents the strands from closing back together.
- topoisomerase
- An enzyme that cuts and rejoins the DNA downstream of the replication fork in DNA synthesis, removing twists in the strand.
- leading strand
- The strand of DNA that is synthesized in one continuous piece with nucleotides added to the 3-prime end of the growing molecule.
- lagging strand
- The strand of DNA that is synthesized discontinuously in a series of short pieces that are later joined together.
- replication fork
- The Y-shaped site at which a double-stranded molecule of DNA is separated into two single strands for replication.
- DNA ligase
- An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the deoxyribonucleotides synthesized by DNA polymerase.
- Okazaki fragment
- A short fragment of DNA produced during DNA replication; a piece of the lagging strand.