AP Euro Chapter 13 - England
Terms
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- Absolutism
- Complete authority given to a sovreign ruler (France)
- Parliamentary monarchy
- Rule by a king and representative Parliament (England)
- James I (England)
- Son of Mary Stuart; inherits a larg royal debt and a divided church; seeks independence from Parliament; Protestant background; suspicious foreign policy
- Impositions
- Custom duties imposed by James I
- Millenary Petition
- James I declares his intention to further the Anglican Church (despite his Protestant upbringing)
- Charles I (England)
- Sought income by exparliamentary means; dissolved Parliament when it disagreed with him; began a civil war against Parliament; executed as a criminal
- Petition of Right
-
Declaration of constitutional freedom and expression of resentment to the monarchy (Charles I)
1. No forced loans or taxes
2. No imprisonment without due cause
3. No billeting of troops in homes - Arminians
- Group that rejected Puritan doctrine and favored high-church practices; favored by Charles I
- Thorough
- Administrative centralization (allows Charles I to operate independently of Parliament); instituted by Charles's chief minister, the earl of Strafford
- Archbishop Laud
- Held high-church views of Anglicanism; religious advisor to Charles I; denied Puritans the right to publish and preach
- Short Parliament
- Parliament refuses to consider funds for a war against Scotland until Charles I agrees to address a list of grievances
- Presbyterians
- Moderate Puritans; want higher representative governing bodies
- Independents
- Extreme Puritans; want complete decentralization and congregational authority
- Grand remonstrance
- List of over 200 grievances presented to Charles I
- Militia Ordinance
- Allows Parliament to raise its own army
- Cavaliers
- Royalist supporters
- Roundheads
- Parliament's supporters
- Solemn League and Covenant
- Parliamentary alliance with Scotland; commits both to a Presbyterian system
- Oliver Cromwell
- Military leader; reorganized the New Model Army; achieved a Parliamentarian victory
- Pride's Purge
- Colonel Thomas Pride bans Presbyterians from taking their seats in Parliament; the remaining 50 members comprise the Rump Parliament
- Charles II (England)
- Restored to the throne from exile after the death of Cromwell; had secret Catholic sympathies and favored toleration; converts on his deathbed
- Clarendon Code
- Excludes Catholics from religious and political life
- Treaty of Dover
- England and France ally against the navigation-law-breaking Dutch; Charles II vows to anounce his conversion to Catholicism in exchange for a subsidy from Louis XIV
- Declaration of Indulgence (the first)
- Suspended laws of intolerance of Catholic/Protestant nonconformists; repealed when Parliament refuses to fund Charles's war with the Dutch
- Test Act
- Required officials of the crown to swear an oath against transubstantiation; aimed at James, duke of York (heir to the throne and devout Catholic)
- Popish plot
- Titus Oates swears that Charles's Catholic wife was planning to kill Charles so that James could take the throne
- James II (England)
- Devout Catholic; seeks absolute power; forced to flee to France by his daughter's husband, Willian of Orange
- Declaration of Indulgence (the second)
- Permits free worship in England (instituted by James II)
- Glorious Revolution
- William of Orange brings an army to England to "preserve traditional liberties," but finds no opposition; James II flees; William and Mary become the the new monarchs of England
- Bill of Rights
- Limited powers of the monarchy; guaranteed civil liberties of the privileged classes; Parliament must meet every three years and cannot be dissolved without its own consent; Catholics are banned from the throne - forever
- Toleration Act of 1689
- Permitted the worship of all Protestants, but outlawed Catholics and antitrinitarians
- Act of Settlement
- Provided that the crown goes to the Protestant House of Hanover in Germany if Queen Anne outlives her children; King George I becomes the German king of England