ANTH 205-FINAL!
Terms
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- COLONIES
- Settlements of foreign nationals with controlling interests in indigenous territories
- IMPERIALISM
- Empire building through state expansion in both commerce and territory
- EXPLOITATION COLONIES
- Colonies established by military conquest for the purpose of exploiting the economic and natural reources of a region
- MARITIME ENCLAVES
- Colonies established as a result of sea trade and coastal exploration for the purpose of controlling tade at foreign ports.
- SETTLEMENT COLONIES
- Permamentn colonies established through exploration or conquest for the purpose of occupying land and controlling labor
- RESETTLEMENT POLICIES
- Efforts of colonial authorities to relocate indigenous people to permanent settlements, usually on less desirable land, to control and influence them
- MISSIONISM
- Settlement for the purpose of religious conversion
- SLAVE TRADE
- Buying and selling of people into servitude
- FUR TRADE
- Exchange of annual pelts or hides between Native American and colonists in exchange for European trade goods
- DEPOPULATION
- Reduction in population size as a result of war, conquest, colonization, or disease
- ECOMIENDAS
- Spanish landholding system in the American colonies that granted the use of land and the labor of any indigenous people on that land to soldiers, priests, and settlers
- HACIENDAS
- Estates made up of lands directly owned by Spanish settlers
- MITA
- Traditional Incan system of concripted labor for public works, adapted by the Spanish for use in obtaining indigenous workers for mines.
- CUSTOMARY LAW
- Selected aspects of native justice and jurisprudence codified into law by colonial authorities, mainly to secure greater control over indigenous populations
- CASH ECONOMIES
- Systems of exchnge based on the use of currency in modern markets
- WHITE MAN'S BURDEN
- Paternalistic, racist, colonial attitude that trated colonized peoples as inferiors in need of protection and instruction n how to liv
- PACIFICATION
- Colonial goal of forcing indigenous people to be peaceful and nonresistant so that settlers could safely inhavit their lands
- RESERVATIONS
- Land guaranteed by treaty for native residents' ownership and control.
- NATIONALISM
- Movement in independent states to build national identity, pride and unity
- XENOPHOBIC
- Having to do with fear, hatred, and envy of strangers, outsiders, or foreign-born minorities within the society
- POSTCOLONIAL ERA
- Period (roughly since 1965), following the independence of the last former European colonies as new nations under indigenous leadership and control
- CULTURAL MINORITIES
- Members of ethnic or cultural groups who have become minorities in their native lands due to migrations of other poeples into their territories or due to the historical configuration of a nation state made up of diverse groups.
- LABOR MIGRATION
- Migration of people from one area of a country to another or across national borders in search of jobs
- TRIBALIZATION
- A process of identification with one's tribal origins
- TRANSNATIONALISM
- Processes by which immigrants maintain social, economic, religious, and political ties to both their immigrant communities and their communities back home.
- ISLAMIZATION
- The process of imposing the Islamic religion and associated cultural values within a nation to foster cultural uniformity
- GLOBAL IDENTITY
- An identity of shared interests, practices, and values across international borders, uniting people worldwide
- CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW
- Traditional practices of dispute and conflict resolution, involving mechanisms for mediation and negotiation and principles for punishment or restoration of community relations
- ECOTOURISM
- Visiting wildlife sanctuaries and national parks in order to enjoy a more pristine environment than found in urban life
- POSITIVE SANCTIONS
- Recognition and reqards for observing social norms
- NEGATIVE SANCTIONS
- Punishments for offending social norms.
- INFORMAL SANCTIONS
- Regards and punishments expressed through praise, ridicule, gossip, and the like.
- FORMAL SANCTIONS
- Rewards and punishments administered by persons in authority the state, or the law
- DOMINANCE HIERARCHIES
- In primate groups, social hierarchies established on the basis of sex and age
- POST CONFLICT RECONCILIATION
- Patterned behavior that occurs immediately after conflict has erupted and taken its course, to restore some measure of social harmony
- CONFLICT AVOIDANCE
- Prosocial behaviors, such as reconciliation, consolation, politeness, or apology, to repair social relationships without aggression
- PEACEMAKERS
- Individuals with a specialized social role of preventing conflict from reupting into dangerous combat.
- DEFERENCE
- nonthreatening verbal and noverbal behaviors that convey respect or subordination to others.
- POLITENESS STRATEGIES
- Behaviors designed to mute antagonisms and avoid overt hostility by affirming common bonds and recognizing another person's rights and feelings.
- SONG DUELS
- Inuit contests in which conflict is expressed and resolved through public response to music
- WITHCRAFT
- A belief system that functions a mechanism of social control by channeling anger toward others
- VENGENACE
- Aggresion against others based on the principle of revenge.
- BLOOD FUED
- Ongoing conflict between kin groups or communities, based on vengeance
- WARFARE
- Armed aggression and hostilities between groups