psych final 2 uncw
Terms
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models of abnormality
psychological models -
emotional, behavioral, or cognitive malfunctioning (maladaptive learning, distorted thinking, stressful life events)
- DSM-IV-TR
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Ed)- used to diagnose recognized mental disorders
Symptoms
Progression
Criteria checklist
- causes of anxiety disorders
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psychodynamic persepcitve
behavioral
cognitive
biological - major depression
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severe depression that comes on suddenly with no apparent external cause
- manic
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having the quality of excessive excitement, energy, and elation or irritability.
- bipolar disorder
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severe mood swings from severe depression to mania (excessive excitement, energy, elation or irritability)
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causes of mood disorders
biological factors -
depletion of neurotransmitters
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causes of mood disorders
psychological factors -
negative thinking, distorted perceptions
attribution errors (failures= internal, stable - dissociative amnesia
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memory loss for personal information related to traumatic event
- dissociative identity disorder
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person seems to have two or more distinct personalities
Host/core personality and alters
Blackouts
Poorly understood-controversy
- causes of dissocaitve disorders
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Psychodynamic- Repressed anxieties
Behavioral- Reinforcement (attention)
Cognitive- avoiding thoughts
Biological- brain activity
- sntisocial personality disorder
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disregard for and violation of rights of others
Sociopaths, serial killers, liars, cheaters
3x more prevalent in males
- borderline personality disorder
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moody, unstable, impulsive, manipulative of others
2-3x greater in women
- narcissistic personality disorder
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extremely vain and self involved
- therapists
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widely varying backgrounds/training, offering different services
- psychologist
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Doctorate with specialization in clinical psych (PhD or PsyD)
Extensive training in therapy, licensed by state
Research, assessment, treatment
Can specialize (adolescents, sleep disorders, etc)
Talking
- psychiatrist
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MD with specialized training in assessing and treating mental disorders
Can write prescriptions for medication
- social worker
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Masters in social work
Work with people in poverty, family conflict
- counselor
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wide range of training. MA or less
Schools, educational settings
- psychotherapy
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Interaction between therapist and client to provide support/relief
- biomedical therapy
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Medical treatment
Only control symptoms
- psychoanalysis
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therapy to reveal repressed childhood conflicts and sexual urges
3-6 years, 4-5 times/week one-on-one
Goal- bring into consciousness
- free association
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report every thought with no censorship
- dream analysis
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manifest/latent content
- resistance
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client reluctant to confront unpleasant material
- transference
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attachment forms, project onto therapist
- behavior therapy
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Aim is to change behavior
Behavior modification or applied behavior analysis – change behaviors via learning techniques
Classical and operant conditioning
- exposure therapy
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Systematic desensitization – for treating phobias
Therapist guides client through a series of steps to reduce fear
Create hierarchy of stimuli, practice relaxation techniques while progressing through list
Virtual Reality
- cognitive restructuring
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question irrational thoughts and beliefs, replace with positive ones
- distortions of thinking
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All or nothing thinking
Overgeneralization
Disqualifying the positive
Magnification
Personalization
- flooding
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phobias, stress disorders
intense, inescapable exposure to feared situation or object
- aversion therapy
- undesirable behavior paired with aversive stimulus
- token economy
- rewarded
- modeling
- learning via observation and imitation
- extinction
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remove reinforcer, reduce undesirable behavior
time out - biomedical therapies
- affect biological functioning of body and brain
- psychopharmacology
- use of drugs to relive symptoms of disorders
- antipsychotic drugs
- treat psychotic symptoms such as delusinos and hallucinations
- which reduce serotonin reuptake
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SSRI
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
the most common - Electroconvulsive therapy
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electric current passed through two electrodes on both sides of head
quick, short-term treatment for severe depression
bilateral or unilateral ECT
- psychosurgery
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surgery on brain tissue to relieve severe psychological disorders