GYN CHAPTER 3
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- WHAT ARE THE SONOGRAPHIC FINDINGS IN THE NEWBORN FEMALE PELVIS?
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1.)CERVIX IS TWICE THE LENGTH OF THE BODY. (2/3 CERVIX AND 1/3 BODY.)
2.)HYPERECHOIC ENDO (DUE TO MATERNAL HORMONAL INFLUENCE IN UTERO)
3.)TOTAL LENGTH APPROX. 3CM X 0.5-1.0CM.
4.)OVARIES MAY BE FOUND ANYWHERE BTWN LOWER POLES OF KIDNEYS AND THE TRUE PELVIS. - AFTER 2-3 MONTHS OF AGE THE UTERUS REGRESSES AND THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS THAT ARE SEEN UNTIL PUBERTY ARE?
- 1.)THE CERVIX AND BODY ARE EQUAL IN LENGTH(1/2 CERVIX, 1/2 BODY)
- AFTER 2-3 MONTHS OF AGE, THE UTERUS REGRESSES WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS THAT ARE SEEN SONOGRAPHICALLY UNTIL PUBERTY?
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1.)CERVIX AND BODY ARE EQUAL IN LENGTH.
2.)TOTAL LENGTH IS 2.5-3CM
3.)ENDO STRIPE USUALLY NOT DELINEATED
4.)MAINTAINS INFANTILE UNTIL ABOUT AGE 7.
5.)SM CYSTS MAY BE SEEN IN OVARIES, USUALLY LESS THAN 9MM BUT MAY BE AS LARGE AS 17MM.
*FOLLICULAR DEVELOPEMENT OCCURS PRIOR TO MENARCHE(+/- OVULATION) - AT PUBERTY THE UTERUS GRADUALLY INCREASES IN LENGTH. WHAT IS THE LENGTH AND WHAT SHOULD YOU SEE SONOGRAPHICALLY?
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1.)5-7CM
2.)THE ENDO VARIES IN ECHOGENICITY AND THICKNESS AND GO ACCORDING TO THE PHASE OF THE MENTRUAL CYCLE.
3.)OVARIES INCREASE IN VOLUME AND ALSO VARY SONOGRAPHICALLY ACCORDING WITH CYCLIC CHANGES. - IN THE PEDIATRIC PATIENT, INDICATIONS FOR IMAGING ARE VARIED AND DEPEND ON CLINICAL FIDINGS. NAME 7 INDICATIONS:
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1.)R/O OVARIAN CYST OR COMPLICATIONS OF OV. CYSTS.
2.)ASSESS OVARIES WHEN PCOS IS SUSPECTED.
3.)R/O OVARIAN NEOPLASMS
4.)R/O CANGENITAL UTERINE ANAMOLIES
5.)DETERMINE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF UTERUS AND VAGINA IN NEWBORNS W/AMBIGUOUS GENITALIA.
6.)EVAL UTERUS AND OVARIES IN PATIENTS W/PRECOCIUOS PUBERTY.
7.)R/O HYDRO OR HEMATOCOLPOS. - WHAT IS TRUE PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY?
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IS CAUSED BY AN EARLY BUT NORMAL PATTERN OF GONADOTROPIN SECRETION FROM PITUITARY.
*IT MAY BE A SIGN OF HYPOTHALMIC DISEASE, BUT IS IDIOPATHIC IN MORE THAN 80 PERCENT OF CASES.
*IT RESULTS IN DEVELOPMENT OF SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS, GONADAL ENLARGEMENT AND OVULATION BEFORE AGE 8. - WHAT IS PRECOCIOUS PSUEDOPUBERTY?
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IS CAUSED BY AN ABNORMAL EXPOSURE TO ESTROGEN AND RESULTS IN DEVELOPMENT OF SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS W/O GAMETOGENESIS.
*THE CAUSE IS MOST OFTEN OVARIAN TUMOR. - CERVIX AND WHAT IS HYDROCOLPOS?
- IS A GENERIC TERM FOR THE COLLECTION OF FLUID, BLOOD OR PUS WITHIN THE VAGINA BUT IT CAN EXTEND INTO THE UTERINE CAVITY.
- WHAT IS THE USUAL SECONDARY CAUSE FOR HYDROCOLPOS OR HYROMETROCOLPOS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS?
- AN IMPERFORATED HYMEN
- HEMATOCOLPOS USUALLY GOES UNDETECTED UNTIL AFTER MENARCHE, WHEN:
- THE COLLECTION OF MENSTRUAL BLOOD TRAPPED IN THE VAGINA AND OR UTERUS LEADS TO LOWER ABD PAIN AND MASS.
- HYDROMETROCOLPOS CAN ALSO BE SEEN IN OLDER WOMEN, ESPECIALLY THOSE WHO:
- ARE UNDERGOING RADIATION THERAPY.
- INTERESTINGY HYDROCOLPOS ACCOUNTS FOR ? PERCENT OF ABDOMINAL MASSES IN NEWBORN FEMALES.
- 15 PERCENT
- WHAT IS HEMATO?
- BLOOD
- WHAT IS PYO?
- PUS
- WHAT IS HYDRO?
- WATER
- WHAT IS METRO?
- UTERUS
- WHAT IS COLPOS?
- VAGINA
- NAME 5 SONOGRAPHIC FINDINGS OF HYDROCOLPOS:
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1.)HYPOECHOIC DISTENTION OF THE VAGINA AND OR ENDOMETRIAL CAVITY.
2.)POSTERIOR ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT