- how does the nephron produce urine?
- filters blood that flows through kidneys
- how is the composition of urine and blood plasma different?
- plasma has protein, urine contains wastes and ions
- is the neural reflex of urination autonomic or somatic?
- both
- The large passageway into which the major calyces empty is the
- renal pelvis
- The muscle responsible for compressing the urinary bladder and expelling its contents is (the)
- detrusor
- the right kidney is lower thatn the left and may be palpable, why?
- liver is on the right
- Urine is carried to the urinary bladder by the
- ureters
- urine is collected in a series of progressively larger ducts that ultimately leads where?
- to the ureters.
- what are folds of mucous membrane observed when the bladder is empty?
- rugae
- what are teh anatomic relations of the left kidney?
- spleen, stomach, tail of pancreas, jejunum, splenic flexure of colon.
- what are the anatomic relations of the right kidney?
- liver, hepatic flexure of colon, duodenum
- what are the functions of the urinary system?
- responsible for water/electrolyte balance, excretion of toxic compounds, reabsorption of important nutrients, stimulation of rbc, conversion of vitamin d to active form, production of urine
- what are the next two places urine goes upon leaving the kidneys
- ureters (muscular tubes) and urinary bladder (for temporary storage)
- what are the three layers of the kidneys?
- perirenal fat (deepest), renal fascia, pararenal fat (superficial)
- what are the three steps of the production of urine?
- filtration, reabsorbtion, secretion
- what carries urine to the urinary bladder?
- ureters
- what center regulates renal blood flow and pressure?
- vasomotor center
- what does the connective tissue surrounding the kidneys do?
- provide protection, anchors kidneys in place
- what happens in filtration?
- blood pressure foreces substance out of blood into kidneys
- what happens in reabsorbtion?
- the filtrate flows through a series of tubules and 99% is returned to the blood
- what happens in secretion?
- as the filtrate passes through the tubules, additional substances pass into it from the blood.
- what is a trigone?
- a triangular region of the posterior wall
- what is a urogenital diaphragm?
- A sheet of skeletal muscle inferior (superficial) to the pelvic diaphragm in the anterior portion of the perineum – reinforces pelvic diaphragm
- what is an external urethral sphincter?
- A voluntary sphincter made of skeletal muscle
- what is The basic histological functional unit of the kidney?
- nephron
- what is the branch of medicine that deals with the male and female urinary system, and the male reproductive system?
- urology
- what is the branch of medicine that deals with the structure, function, and diseases of the kidneys?
- nephrology
- what is the concave notch on medial border; ureter, blood vessels & lymph enter/exit kidney here?
- renal hilum
- what is the detrusor muscle?
- the 3 layers of smooth muscle that makes of the bladder wall
- what is the fat filled region inside hilum?
- renal sinus
- what is the fibrous tissue that encases kidney?
- renal capsule
- what is the inner area of the the cortex?
- renal medulla
- what is the outer section of the internal kidney?
- renal cortex
- what is the part of the cortex between pyramids
- renal columns
- what is the urethra and what does it do?
- A muscular tube, lined by mucous membrane, that runs from the internal urethral orifice of the bladder to the external urethral orifice
Transports urine from the bladder to outside the body
In males the urethra also conveys semen
- what is the urinary bladder?
- A highly stretchable, hollow muscular organ that provides temporary storage of urine
- what is urinary incontinence?
- Inability to control micturition
- what part of the renal pyramid is toward the cortex?
- base
- what part of the renal pyramids points to center of the kidney?
- apex
- what part of the urethra passes through the corpora spongiosum of the penis?
- spongy
- what part of the urethra passes through the prostate?
- prostatic
- what part of the urethra passes through the urogenital diaphragm?
- membranous
- what\'s the pelvic diaphragm?
- Sling-like muscular diaphragm that attaches to the bony pelvis and forms the floor of the pelvic basin – its is deep to the UG diaphragm
Functions to support the pelvic viscera and help maintain fecal and urinary continence
- where do Arterial supply via Renal aa. from?
- abdominal aorta
- where do Postganglionic Sympathetic neurons originating in the superior mesenteric ganglion travel?
- in the renal plexus located around the renal a.
- where does filtration occur?
- glomerulus
- where does the bladder get its blood supply?
- primarily via the superior vesical arteries, branches of the internal iliac aa
- where does the Filtration and monitoring of blood plasma take place and what does it form?
- happens in kidneys; forms urine
- where does Venous drainage via Renal vv. into?
- IVC
- where is the bladder located?
- men-anterior to rectum. women-anterior to the vagina and anteroinferior to the uterus
- where is the femal urethra located?
- directly posterior to the pubic symphysis
- where\'s the kidneys located?
- Retroperitoneal in the RUQ and LUQ of the abdomen
