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anatomy test 11

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Which is not a neuroglial cell?

schwann
ependymal
microglia
perikaryons




perikaryons
nissl bodies are found where?
neuronal cell bodies
synaptic knobs are found where?
neuronal axons
myelin sheaths in the CNS are produced by what?
oligodendrocytes
neuroglial cells that line the ventricles of the brain are what?
ependymal cells
at rest, a cell will have more of what kind of ions in the cytoplasm than outside the cell?
potassium
During membrane repolarization, there is a decrease in the membrane permeability to which ion?

sodium
A membrane maintains its resting potential mainly due to _________
the sodium-potassium pump
Which channels are open during the absolute refractory period of a neuron?

sodium
The space between the presynaptic and postsyaptic membranes is called the _______
synaptic cleft
The presynaptic neuron releases neurotransmitters in response to an influx of _______ ions.

calcium
IPSPs cause the postsynaptic membrane to become more permeable to ________.

potassium
__________ has occurred when a neuron is stimulated by more than one terminal.

Spatial summation
Generation of an action potential can be inhibited by all except: IPSPs, presynaptic inhibition, depolarization, hyperpolarization
depolarization
Which of the following is not a class of neurotransmitters?

peptides
amino acids
biogenic amines
acetylcholinesterases




acetylcholinesterases
natural opiates of our body are:
endorphins
A neuronal circuit where incoming information is spread around or amplified is ________.

diverging
Neuronal circuits involved in rhythmic activities such as breathing and arm swinging are _________.

reverberating
dopamine and serotonin are what class of neurotransmitters?
biogenic amines
what is not in the pns?
microglia
associations neurons are always what?
multipolar
nodes of Ranvier are found where?
myelinated axons
The neurilemma is found on the _______________.

axons of the PNS
All of the following are true of action potentials except:

they exhibit an all-or-none response
they are inhibited by IPSPs
they need a threshold stimulus
they travel more slowly on
myelinated fibers






they travel more slowly on
myelinated fibers
**Neurotransmitters are removed from the synaptic cleft by all of the following except**

reuptake by a presynaptic neuron
simple diffusion
enzymatic degradation
presynaptic inhibition






presynaptic inhibition
visceral nervous system
organs or deep part
somatic
voluntary
endocrine
chemical messengers (hormones) delivered to the bloodstream
sensory is ______ and motor is ________
afferent and efferent

visceral motor division
cardiac, smooth muscle, glands are effectors

somatic motor division
effector: skeletal muscle
astrocytes are what
most abundant glial cells
framework of CNS
make up BBB and regulate brain tissue fluid



schwann cells are found where
PNS
myelin
insulating layer around a nerve fiber
nerve signals travel fast in
large myelinated fibers
integrative function of nervous system is associated with
interneurons
In this disorder, oligodendrocytes and myelin sheaths of the CNS deteriorate and are replaced by hardened scar tissue
multiple sclerosis
this is false about action potentials
Action potentials cannot be triggered again until the hyperpolarized membrane returns to resting potential.
Prozac (fluoxetine) is an antidepressant that blocks the synaptic reuptake of
serotonin
Mature neurons lack centrioles. You would expect these neurons to be unable to
undergo mitosis
In an autopsy, a pathologist found an area of brain tissue with very high concentrations of microglia. That area of the brain most likely
had been damaged by infection, trauma, or stroke
Quadriplegia, or paralysis of all four limbs, results from spinal cord lesions
above level C5
This viral infestation can remain viable with the dorsal root ganglia for many years
chickenpox
nodding off with your head would be what reflex
stretch
reflex where sensory input and motor input are opposite end of spinal cord are
contralateral reflex arc
Golgi tendon reflex causes
muscle that overcontracts to relax
This is a congenital defect resulting from the failure of one or more vertebrae to form a c
spinal bifida
You were going to have a spinal tap to remove some cerebrospinal fluid for analysis. Starting from outside of the spinal cord, what would be the correct order of spaces and meninges through which the syringe would pass?
epidural space, dura mater, arachnoid, subarachnoid space
spinal cord ends at which vertebrae?
L1
epidural space in spinal colum is occupied by
fat or adipose tissue
loud noise reaction is what motor tract
tectospinal
cranial nerve VII is
the facial nerve
thinking waves would be
beta waves
cerebrospinal fluid returns to bloodstream by way of
arachnoid villi
coordination is part of the
cerebellum
cerebral cortex connected to hearing is
temporal lobe
unwanted muscle contractions are inhibited by
basal nuclei
cardiac center
adjust rate and force of heart
vasomotor center
adjusts blood vessel diameter
limbic system
role in emotion and memory (pleasure and aversion centers)
sleep is controlled by
hypothalamus, reticular formation, thalamus, and cerebral cortex
oculomotor nerve
eyemovement, opening of eyelid,
trochlear nerve
superior oblique muscle (eye movement)
how many pairs of spinal nerves?
31
cuada equinae is vertebraes
l2 to s5
reduces risk of spina bifida
folic acid (b vitamin)
spinothalmic pathway deals with
temperature
white matter carries what kind of axons where
myelinated axons up and down to brainstem
fasculi
fibers with a similar origin, destination and function
funiculi
dorsal, lateral and anterior columns
decussation
fibers that cross sides
contralateral
origin destination opposite sides
ipsilateral
origin destination are on same side
BBB IS MADE OF...`
edothelium, permealble to alcohol, oxygen, co2 nicotine and anesthetics
blood CSF barrier is what
ependymal cells joined by tight junctions
vestibulocochlear nerve
hearing and balance
vagus
swallowing, speech
hippocamus is responsible for what
memory
cerebral cortex has to do with what
hearing

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