anatomy test 11
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
-
Which is not a neuroglial cell?
schwann
ependymal
microglia
perikaryons - perikaryons
- nissl bodies are found where?
- neuronal cell bodies
- synaptic knobs are found where?
- neuronal axons
- myelin sheaths in the CNS are produced by what?
- oligodendrocytes
- neuroglial cells that line the ventricles of the brain are what?
- ependymal cells
- at rest, a cell will have more of what kind of ions in the cytoplasm than outside the cell?
- potassium
-
During membrane repolarization, there is a decrease in the membrane permeability to which ion?
- sodium
- A membrane maintains its resting potential mainly due to _________
- the sodium-potassium pump
-
Which channels are open during the absolute refractory period of a neuron?
- sodium
- The space between the presynaptic and postsyaptic membranes is called the _______
- synaptic cleft
-
The presynaptic neuron releases neurotransmitters in response to an influx of _______ ions.
- calcium
-
IPSPs cause the postsynaptic membrane to become more permeable to ________.
- potassium
-
__________ has occurred when a neuron is stimulated by more than one terminal.
- Spatial summation
- Generation of an action potential can be inhibited by all except: IPSPs, presynaptic inhibition, depolarization, hyperpolarization
- depolarization
-
Which of the following is not a class of neurotransmitters?
peptides
amino acids
biogenic amines
acetylcholinesterases - acetylcholinesterases
- natural opiates of our body are:
- endorphins
-
A neuronal circuit where incoming information is spread around or amplified is ________.
- diverging
-
Neuronal circuits involved in rhythmic activities such as breathing and arm swinging are _________.
- reverberating
- dopamine and serotonin are what class of neurotransmitters?
- biogenic amines
- what is not in the pns?
- microglia
- associations neurons are always what?
- multipolar
- nodes of Ranvier are found where?
- myelinated axons
-
The neurilemma is found on the _______________.
- axons of the PNS
-
All of the following are true of action potentials except:
they exhibit an all-or-none response
they are inhibited by IPSPs
they need a threshold stimulus
they travel more slowly on
myelinated fibers
-
they travel more slowly on
myelinated fibers -
**Neurotransmitters are removed from the synaptic cleft by all of the following except**
reuptake by a presynaptic neuron
simple diffusion
enzymatic degradation
presynaptic inhibition
- presynaptic inhibition
- visceral nervous system
- organs or deep part
- somatic
- voluntary
- endocrine
- chemical messengers (hormones) delivered to the bloodstream
- sensory is ______ and motor is ________
-
afferent and efferent
- visceral motor division
-
cardiac, smooth muscle, glands are effectors
- somatic motor division
- effector: skeletal muscle
- astrocytes are what
-
most abundant glial cells
framework of CNS
make up BBB and regulate brain tissue fluid
- schwann cells are found where
- PNS
- myelin
- insulating layer around a nerve fiber
- nerve signals travel fast in
- large myelinated fibers
- integrative function of nervous system is associated with
- interneurons
- In this disorder, oligodendrocytes and myelin sheaths of the CNS deteriorate and are replaced by hardened scar tissue
- multiple sclerosis
- this is false about action potentials
- Action potentials cannot be triggered again until the hyperpolarized membrane returns to resting potential.
- Prozac (fluoxetine) is an antidepressant that blocks the synaptic reuptake of
- serotonin
- Mature neurons lack centrioles. You would expect these neurons to be unable to
- undergo mitosis
- In an autopsy, a pathologist found an area of brain tissue with very high concentrations of microglia. That area of the brain most likely
- had been damaged by infection, trauma, or stroke
- Quadriplegia, or paralysis of all four limbs, results from spinal cord lesions
- above level C5
- This viral infestation can remain viable with the dorsal root ganglia for many years
- chickenpox
- nodding off with your head would be what reflex
- stretch
- reflex where sensory input and motor input are opposite end of spinal cord are
- contralateral reflex arc
- Golgi tendon reflex causes
- muscle that overcontracts to relax
- This is a congenital defect resulting from the failure of one or more vertebrae to form a c
- spinal bifida
- You were going to have a spinal tap to remove some cerebrospinal fluid for analysis. Starting from outside of the spinal cord, what would be the correct order of spaces and meninges through which the syringe would pass?
- epidural space, dura mater, arachnoid, subarachnoid space
- spinal cord ends at which vertebrae?
- L1
- epidural space in spinal colum is occupied by
- fat or adipose tissue
- loud noise reaction is what motor tract
- tectospinal
- cranial nerve VII is
- the facial nerve
- thinking waves would be
- beta waves
- cerebrospinal fluid returns to bloodstream by way of
- arachnoid villi
- coordination is part of the
- cerebellum
- cerebral cortex connected to hearing is
- temporal lobe
- unwanted muscle contractions are inhibited by
- basal nuclei
- cardiac center
- adjust rate and force of heart
- vasomotor center
- adjusts blood vessel diameter
- limbic system
- role in emotion and memory (pleasure and aversion centers)
- sleep is controlled by
- hypothalamus, reticular formation, thalamus, and cerebral cortex
- oculomotor nerve
- eyemovement, opening of eyelid,
- trochlear nerve
- superior oblique muscle (eye movement)
- how many pairs of spinal nerves?
- 31
- cuada equinae is vertebraes
- l2 to s5
- reduces risk of spina bifida
- folic acid (b vitamin)
- spinothalmic pathway deals with
- temperature
- white matter carries what kind of axons where
- myelinated axons up and down to brainstem
- fasculi
- fibers with a similar origin, destination and function
- funiculi
- dorsal, lateral and anterior columns
- decussation
- fibers that cross sides
- contralateral
- origin destination opposite sides
- ipsilateral
- origin destination are on same side
- BBB IS MADE OF...`
- edothelium, permealble to alcohol, oxygen, co2 nicotine and anesthetics
- blood CSF barrier is what
- ependymal cells joined by tight junctions
- vestibulocochlear nerve
- hearing and balance
- vagus
- swallowing, speech
- hippocamus is responsible for what
- memory
- cerebral cortex has to do with what
- hearing