- Aggadah
- Interpretation, stories, legends
- Alexander the Great
- 332 BCE: conquers Judah323 BCE: Breakup of empire following his death
- Alexandria
- Phio of Alexandria most eminent Jewish philosopher of antiquity(20 BCE-50CE)allegorical interpretation of TorahAlexandria comes under Roman rule in 37 CE
- Anti-Jewish attitudes in antiquity
- Apion of Alexandria writes book agaisnt Jews: emergence of anti-Jewish literatureTacitus, The Histories, book VRe-reading exodus expelledSocial separation of Jews/non-JewsAbstinence from porkOb
- Babylonia, Babylonian Academies
- Third centuryArrival of Rav, a rabbinic scholar moving from Palestine to Babylonia. States Babylonia equivalent to IsraelAbraham was a "Babylonian"the "Exilarch" was leader of Babylonian Jewry
- Diaspora Revolt
- Series of Jewish uprisings in RomeBegan in LibyaSpread to Egypt, Cypru, and beyondFed by ethnic tensions between Jews, Greeks, and others115-117
- Diaspora/Exile for Jews
- Babylonia (since 6th century BCE)
Egypt (since 6th century BCE) Asia Minor (since c. 2nd century BCE) Italy (since c. 2nd century BCE) - Elephantine Island
- Jewish community on the Elephantine island in the upper Nile river; Jewish temple on Elephantine island, destroyed 410 BCE Rich archival sources: Elephantine papyri
- Emperor Julian "apostata"
- 361
- Essenes
- Religious observation of laws of puritydenounced other jews as sons of darknessCommonality of propert, probationary period, oath at initiation, sacred meals, aFollowed Qumran/Daed Sea Scrolls
- Fourth Philosophy
- Revolutionar group in Roman Palestine (According to Josephus)
- Gemara
- Running commentary on the MishnahLanguage: Aramaic
- Hasmoneans
- 142 BCE: Judah leads Maccabees,HasmoneansHasmonean royal dynasty established
Anti-pagan politic, pagans required to convertNew synthesis between Judaism and Hellenism63 BCE Roman conquest of Palestine - Hellenism
- HELLENISM, term generally used by historians to refer to the period from the death of Alexander the Great (323 B.C.E.) to the death of Cleopatra and the incorporation of Egypt in the Roman Empire in 30 B.C.E. Finally, He
- Herod the Great
- Masada and the HerodiumTyrantBuilt fortresses to shelter his familyRebuilt city of CaesareaConstruction in jerusalem: Theater and palaceWestern wall only remaining part of Jerusalem temple
- Jewish revolt against Rome
- 66CE: Florus, the Roman procurator, siezes part of the temple treasuryRevolutionary gorpus in Roman Palestine: "fourth philosophy", Brigands, Sicarii, Zealots70 CE: Fall of Jerusalem and destruction of the second temple
- Johanan Ben Zakai
- Primary contributer to Mishnah textWanted to establish Jewish center of law in Javneh70-132
- Josephus
- First Century Jewish historian writing in GreekPresented the three grups of "philosophical sects"Emerged first in the mid second century BCE and existed until the destruction of the second temple in 70 CECompet
- Judas the Galilean
- 6CEJudas the Galilean was the author of the fourth philosophy
- law code of Theodosius II
- Prohibition of Jews holding public officeProhibition of constructing new synogoguesProhibition of Jewish proselytizingprotected basic Jewish rights
- Maccabean Rebellion
- Rebellion against Antiochus' anti-Jewish campaign and hellenization, led by Mattathias and five sons
164 BCE: Led by Judah (Mattathias song), rebels take Jerusalem and purify it, rededicated temple - Mecca
- 630Mecca surrenders to Muhammad and becomes new center of Islam
- Medina
- 622 Muhammad arrivesThree Jewish tribes lived in Medina at the time
- Midrash
- Technique of scriptural exposition
- Mishnah
- The study of abstract, apodictic prinicples of law.
Oral tradition written down200
- Muhammed
- 571Prophet of IslamEmigrates from Mecca to Medina where he establishes first Islamic community632 Death of Muhammad
- Paul (Early Christianity)
- 40-60sPaul of Tarsus lays foundation for Christian beliefChristianity as the true Israel
- Paul's letter to Romans; Pauls letter to Galathians
- To the Galatians he is stating that Christianity is like the free son of Abraham: IsaacJews are slave son, and they must be rid of
- Pharisees
- Most skillful in the exapt explication of their laws, and introduce the first sect"Oral tradition"New Testament hostile toward Pharises
- Proselytes
- Those who were attracted to Judaism, and converted from paganism
- Ptolemaic/Seleucid Rule
- Ptolemy in EgyptSeleuces in Syria Judea sandwiched between Ptolemaic and Seleucid states First by Ptolemaic (200 BCE) and then Seleucid states
- Qumran/Dead Sea Scrolls
- dated before 68 CE, Second Temple PeriodSome of the texts found in the Qumran were universially Jewish, while others were the product of the Qumran group itself and reflect sectarian life
- Quran
- States that the Jews and Christians should be fought against.
- Rabban Gamliel
- Re-establishes te "Sanhedrin" at 'Javneh, now led by the rabbisThe Roman authorities recognize the Sanhedrin of Javneh as the leading institution of the Jewish PalestineTransition to Rabbinic Judaism
- Religio licitas
- Pre-Christian law recognzied Judaism as legitimite religion
- Revolt of Bar Kokhba
- 132-135Messianic expectationJews prohibited from living in JerusalemProvince of Judea is renamed Palestine
- Roman rule in Judea
- 63 BC: Roman general Pompey conquers Palestine40 BCE: Parthians invade Palestine37-4BCE: Herod the Great6CE: Juea becomes Roman province41-44CE: Agrippa166-74: Jewish Revolt
- Saint Augustine
- 354-430Stressed not annihilating Jews but rather converting them
- synagogue
- Greek-assemblyEarliest evidence of Jewish synagogue from inscriptions found in Upper Egyptsecond have of third century BCE
- Talmud(Jerusalem and Babylonian)
- Jerusalem: 400Babylonian: 500Commentary on agricultural laws in Jerusalem TalmudCommentary on temple sacrifices in Babylonian
