Glossary of Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot
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- Why are they called intrinsic muscles?
- because they originate and insert within the foot
- How many layers are in the plantar group of intrinsic foot muscles?
- FOUR
first layer: most superficial
second layer
third layer
fourth layer: deepest
- plantar aponeurosis (fascia)
- formed by the deep fascia, this extends from calcaneus bone to phalanges of toes and supports longitudinal arch of the foot, encloses flexor tendons
- Name the two groups of intrinsic foot muscles
- Dorsal
Plantar
- DORSAL
extensor digitorum brevis origin
- calcaneus and inferior extensor retinaculum
- DORSAL
extensor digitorum brevis insertion
- tendons of extensor digitorum longus on toes 2-4 and proximal phalanx of great toe
- DORSAL
extensor digitorum brevis action
- extensor hallucis brevis extends great toe at metatarsophalangeal joint extensor digitorum brevis extends toes 2-4 at interphalangeal joints
- PLANTAR - First layer
abductor hallucis origin
- calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, and flexor retinaculum
- PLANTAR - First layer
abductor hallucis insertion
- medial side of promimal phalanx of great toe with tendon of flexor hallucis brevis
- PLANTAR - First layer
abductor hallucis action
- abducts and flexes great toe at metatarsophalangeal joint
- PLANTAR - First layer
flexor digitorum brevis origin
- calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis
- PLANTAR - First layer
flexor digitorum brevis insertion
- sides of middle phalanx of toes 2-5
- PLANTAR - First layer
flexor digitorum brevis action
- flexes toes 2-5 at proximal interphalangeal and metasophalangeal joints
- PLANTAR - First layer
abductor digiti minimi origin
- calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis
- PLANTAR - First layer
abductor digiti minimi insertion
- lateral side of proximal phalanx of little toe with tendon of flexor digiti minimi brevis
- PLANTAR - First layer
abductor digiti minimi action
- abducts and flexes little toe at metasophalangeal joint
- PLANTAR - Second layer
quadratus plantae origin
- calcaneus
- PLANTAR - Second layer
quadratus plantae insertion
- tendon of flexor digitorum longus
- PLANTAR - Second layer
quadratus plantae action
- assists flexor digitorum longus to flex toes 2-5 at interphalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints
- PLANTAR - Second layer
lumbricals origin
- tendons of flexor digitorum longus
- PLANTAR - Second layer
lumbricals insertion
- tendons of extensor digitorum longus on proximal phalanges of toes 2-5
- PLANTAR - Second layer
lumbricals action
- extend toes 2-5 at interphalangeal joints and flexes toes 2-5 at metatarsophalangeal joints
- PLANTAR - Third layer
flexor hallucis brevis origin
- cuboid and third (lateral) cuneiform
- PLANTAR - Third layer
flexor hallucis brevis insertion
- medial and lateral sides of proximal phalanx of great toe via tendon containing sesamoid bone
- PLANTAR - Third layer
flexor hallucis brevis action
- flexes great toe at metatarsophalangeal joint
- PLANTAR - Third layer
adductor hallucis origin
- metatarsals 2-4, ligaments of 3-5 metatarsophalangeal joints, and tendon of peroneus longus
- PLANTAR - Third layer
adductor hallucis insertion
- lateral side of proximal phalanx of great toe
- PLANTAR - Third layer
adductor hallucis action
- adducts and flexes great toe at metatarsophalangeal joint
- PLANTAR - Third layer
flexor digiti minimi brevis origin
- metatarsal 5 and tendon of peroneus longus
- PLANTAR - Third layer
flexor digiti minimi brevis insertion
- lateral side of proximal phalanx of little toe
- PLANTAR - Third layer
flexor digiti minimi brevis action
- flexes little toe at metatarsophalangeal joint
- PLANTAR - Fourth layer
dorsal interossei origin
- adjacent side of metatarsals
- PLANTAR - Fourth layer
dorsal interossei insertion
- proximal phalanges: both sides of toe 2 and lateral side of toes 3 & 4
- PLANTAR - Fourth layer
dorsal interossei action
- abduct and flex toes 204 at metatarsophalangeal joints and extend toes at interphalangeal joints
- PLANTAR - Fourth layer
plantar interossei origin
- metatarsals 3-5
- PLANTAR - Fourth layer
plantar interossei insertion
- medial side of proximal phalanges of toes 3-5
- PLANTAR - Fourth layer
plantar interossei action
- adduct and flex proximal metatarsophalangeal joints and extend toes at interphalangeal joints
- PLANTAR - Fourth layer
plantar interossei action
- adduct and flex proximal metatarsophalangeal joints and extend toes at interphalangeal joints
