- 16th Amendment
- addition that created permanent federal income tax.
- 17th Amendment
- required direct election of our senators, ratified in 1913
- 18th Amendment
- addition ot COnstitution that made us, manufacture, sale, or transportation of alcohol illegal.
- Civil Service System
- in order to qualify, have to take a test giving out government job on merit.
- Dayton, Florida
- an American city devastated by flood which encouraged the people of the city to use council manager form of government.
- Department of Labor
- created by states to oversee companies because the courts are still backing big business owners.
- Direct Primary
- voters choose candidates for election
- Edward Bellamy
- wrote book "Looking Backward", addresses social and political problems by pointing out how bad it is in 1889.
- Eugene V. Debs
- ran for the presidency five times as a Socialist (when it was a legitimate party)
- expanded democracy
- voting with more choices, or more control.
- Florence Kelly
- -lived in Chicago -vocal protestor advocating women's rights -governor of illinois chooses her to head inspecting factories -got a degree to become lawyer to be able to prosecute
- Galveston, Texas
- an American city devastated by a hurrican that prompted the people of the city to use a commission form of government.
- Gifford Pinchot
- professional conservationist. appointed by Roosevelt to head newly formed US forest service. pioneer of scientific management.
- Hazen Pingree
- reform mayor of Detroit. pioneers city ownership of utilities (form of socialism)
- Home Rule
- states granting cities this system that gave a limited ability to rule themselves.
- How did Roosevelt start the Department of Labor
- minor department with two bureaus- children and women's
- How far did progressivism go among parties?
- it stretched across party lines, both republicans and democrats.
- How long did Socialism grow?
- until 1917.
- How quickly was the Labor Movement growing?
- very slowly
- How were the muckrakers though of?
- troublemakers and bad for the country.
- Ida Tarbell
- wrote book "History of the Standard Oil Company"... exposed unfair business practices used by big companies in the US, protests companies trying to create monopolies.
- Injunction
- court orders prohibiting things such as striking.
- Julia Lathrop
- head of newly formed children's bureau of department of labor
- Lincoln Steffens
- wrote book "A Shake of the Cities"... exposed corruption in city governments.
- Mary Anderson
- head of newly formed women's Bureau in department of labor
- Mary Harris Jones
- -from Chicago -"Mother Jones"
-Irish immigrant, wife of iron worker -husband and four kids died of yellow fever -took care of herself by dress-shop -burned in chicago fire of 1871 - Muckrakers
- journalists, authors whose works exposed problems in the government and society.
- Oregon
- one of first states for choosing senators.
- Progressive Era
- time period in US history that stretches from 1890-1920.
- Progressives
- what Americans were beginning to think of themselves- that government had responsibility to improve the lives of its citizens.
- Robert LaFollette
- reform governor of Wisconsin
- Sherman-anti trust act
- not enforced for the first 11 years
- Socialism
- a political and economic system which called for government or public control or ownership of property and industry.
- Square Deal
- policies by T.R. that protected workers farmers and small business people from big business. started when Coal Miners of America go on Strike- insist on 3rd party arbitration.
- Sweatshops
- American factories where workers worked long hours for low wages in unsafe and unhealthy conditions.
- Tariff
- trade tax on imports
- Teddy Roosevelt
- first president to give labor a chance.
- The Initiative
- allowed citizens to put bills directly before the legislature.
- The Recall
- voters can vote to remove elected officials from office
- The Referendum
- allowed citizens to vote directly on a bill.
- The Trsutbuster
- roosevelt against trusts in beef, tobacco,standard oil, and railroad business.
- Theodore RooseveltWho was the first president to think progressively?
- Theodore Roosevelt
- Trust
- monopoly of business by buying out opposing companies.
- Upton Sinclair
- wrote "The Jungle"- exposed conditions in US's meat packaging industry.
- Were the Progressives a unified movement?
- no.
- What did Hazen Pingree create?
- public baths, parks, play areas, work relief programs, free kindergartens.
- What did LaFollette do to show the voters embarrassment?
- went to representations and publicly read role call to see who voted what.
- What did LaFollette do?
- enacted social welfare reforms, served for 12 years, brings in education/academics
- What did Mary Harris Jones do?
- got a job at a sweatshop, but decides to organize movement. traveled to help start unions. she was against public labor- holds a march to D.C. as publicizing.
- What did Teddy Roosevelt refer the White House to?
- bully pulpit
- What did the 18th amendment start?
- the era of Prohibition
- What does ICC stand for?
- Interstate commerce comission
- What does the ICC do?
- commission created out of gov wanting to regulate railroad industry.
- what is socialism a lesser form of?
- communism
- What job did Hazen Pingree move to?
- went from reform mayor of Detroit to governor of Michigan.
- What kind of movement was progressivism?
- an urban movement- began in cities (mostly in the North) because the high number of people magnified problems.
- What was Robert LaFollette's nickname?
- "fightin' bob" lafollette
- What was teh first true regulatory industry in America?
- the railroad industry
- What was the result of Upton Sinclair's "The Jungle"?
- Congress passed pure food and act.
- What were Lafollette's terms?
- served in Senate from 1906-1925. 3 term governor, 19 years in Senate. 1924- rand for 32d party candidate in Pres. election with 1/6 of the popular vote.
- What were the four basic goals of the Progressives?
- 1. gov. more accountable to people:answerable to what they want. 2. gov. work to curb power and influence of wealth-run for benefits of all americans. 3. gov needed expanded powers so it could improve lives. 4. needed to be more efficient and less corrupt
- When did roosevelt become president?
- in 1901 at age 31.
- Which did the government favor, unions of management?
- management
- Who coined the term 'muckrakers'?
- Teddy Roosevelt
- Who created the department of Labor?
- Roosevelt
- Who started the IWW (Internation Workers of the World)?
- Mary Harris Jones
- Who was teddy roosevelt's "hand-picked successor"?
- William Howard Taft
- Who was the first person Roosevelt aimed his term "muckrakers" at?
- Upton Sinclair for his "The Jungle"
- Who was the first president to ever side with labor during a strike?
- teddy roosevelt
- Who was the first truly conservationist president?
- Roosevelt
- Who were the first 2 women in charge of any part of government?
- Julia Lathrop and Mary Anderson
- why didn't many of the rich help the progressives?
- didn't need the help.
- why didn't the poor work with the progressives?
- didn't have time or money to help.
- Why were employees treated so horribly?
- labor was plentiful because of immigrants.
- Women's Movement
- -women wanted to vote
-fueled temperance movement: though could trace all bad things done to alcohol)
