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HEENT exams

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what does HEENT stand for
head, eyes, ears, nose and throat
acromegaly
a disorder associated with excessive growth hormone. Abnormally large head
Microcephaly
abnormally small head, as seen in clients with certain types of mental retardation
hydrocephalus
in infants and children a head that is growing disproportuionally faster than the body. Its an accumulation of excessive cerebrospinal fluid.
what might a facial appearance that is inconsistant with gender, age, race signify?
graves disease, hypothyroidism, myxedema, Cushings syndrome
TMJ
temporomandibular joint syndrome, characterized by irrecular jaw movement and cracking or clicking of the jaw
How should the eyelids cover the eyes?
the lowe eyelid margin appears at the bottom edge of the iris, and the upper eyelid covers half the upper iris.
what should the conjunctiva look like?
smooth, glistening, peach. Minimal blood vessels present.
What is crusting, swelling, or scales of the eyelid associated with?
infection
pterygium
a growth or thickening of conjunctiva from the inner canthus toward the iris
Ectropion
an everted eyelid. it is commonly seen in adults secondary to loss of skin tone. Can lead to excessive drying of the eyes
Entropion
an inverted eyelid. Can lead to corneal damage (eyelashes in eyes--ouch!!)
Ptosis
drooing of the lid. Could be from stroke or Bells palsy.
What should the sclara look like?
should be smooth, glistening, and blue-white in color with tiny vessels visible.
icteric sclara
yellow sclera, may be from and elevated bilirubin level
subconjunctival hemorhage
may be from trauma or hypertension. Its blood thats visible in the sclera
what should the cornea look like?
transparent, smooth, moist.
arcus senilis
a white ring encircling the outer rim of the cornea. It is normal.
PERRLA
pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation. Its how to chart normal pupils
exophthalmos
failure of one or both pupils to accommodate. It is associated with hyperthyroidism.
What is another reason one or both pupuls may not accommodate?
problem with cranial nerve III
Mydriasis
enlarged pupils. May be seen with glaucoma
Miosis
weirdly enough... constricted pupils.
Anisocoria
unequal pupils. could be from a stroke or other central nervous system disorders, head trauma, or cranial nerve injuries
What is Visual Acuity?
a measure of the eyes ability to detect details of an image
what do you assess when testing for Visual Acuity?
assess distant, nearl, peripheral, and color vision.
How do you test for distance vision?
with a snellen chart from a distance of 20 feet.
Myopia
diminished distance vision. It is associated with a smaller fraction. For example 20/100
what do the numbers 20/20 mean?
the first number is the distance that person needs to stand to see the chart, and the second number is the distance that a normal person with perfect vision would need to stand to see the chart
When does a childs vision reach 20/20?
not until about 6 or 7 years of age
Hyperopia
diminished near vision. The client must hold the paper more than 35.5 cm (14 in) away.
Presbyopia
diminished near vision in people over 45.
Does color blindness have to do with the cones or the rods of your eyes?
cones.
How do you test for color blindness?
Ishihara cards
What does EOM stand for?
extraocular muscle
what are the 3 cranial nerves that controm EOM?
CN III (oculomotor) CN IV (trochlear) CN VI (abducens)
what are some diseases/disorders that might affect a persons visual field?
poorly controlled diabetes, cataracts, macular degeneration, advanced glaucoma.

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