- allusion
- a reference in a tezt to a person, an event, another text, or a part of a text
- ambient sound
- the sound atmosphere of a place that people tend not to notice.
- Anamorphic lens
- A lens that squeezes a wide image onto a film frame in the camera, making everything look tall and thin. On a projector, an anamorphic lens expands the image returning it to its original wide shape.
- aperture
- the adjustable opening in the camera lens that permits the operator to regulate how much light passes through the lens to the film.
- aspect ratio
- The propotion of the width to the height of the image on a TV ir nivue screen or on the individual frames of the film.
- asynchronous sound
- a sound that either precedes or follows its on screen source, such as words that are not synchronized with lip movements
- backlight
- Lighting from behind the subject
- birds eye view
- a camera angle achieved when the camera films the subject from directly overhead
- black comedy
- a narrative style that shows the humorous possibilities of subjects often considered off limits to comedy, such as warfare, murder, death, and illness. Satiric
- Bollywood
- extremely popular Hindi-language movies made in India that usually feature complicated plots, arges cases, extravagant music interludes, and often happy endings
- bridge
- music used to link two or more scenes. continuity
- cameo
- A brief role in a narrative entertainment-such as a TV show or film performed by a well-known person, usually a famous actor.
- catchlight
- the light from one or more sources that is visible in the pupils of a subject's eyes
- character actor
- An actor who tends to specialize in well-defined secondary roles.
- CinemaScope
- A wide-screen process introduced in 1953 made possible by filming and projecting with anamorphic lens.
- classical Hollywood cinema
- Films that show one or more characters facing a succession of problems while trying to reach their goals and that tend to hide the manner of their making by using unoptrusive filmmaking techniques
- close up
- an image in which the subject fills most of the frame and little of the surroundings is shown.
- closure
- a sense of coherence and completion at the end of a narrative.
- composition
- The arrangement of settings, ligting, and subjects within the frame.
- contrast
- in photography and cinematography, the difference between the lighest and darkest parts of an image.
- deep focus
- a term used widely by film critics to indicate photography in which subjects near the camera, those in the distant backgroun, and those in between are all in sharp focus.
- depth of field
- the distances in front of the camera in which all objects are in focus.
- desaturated color
- drained, subduesd color approacheing a neutral grey, ehance an effect.
- designer or production designer
- The person responsible for the apperance of much of what is photographed in a movie, including architecture, locations, sets, costumes, makeup, and hairstyles.
- diffuser
- material such as spun glass, granulated or grooved glass, or a sil or thin nylon stocking placed in front of the camera ens to soften the image's resolution
- digital intermediate
- a process available since the late 1990s in which filmmakers can transfer exposed film to digital, manipulate the colors with a computer program and then transfer the images back to film
- Dogme
- realistic characters and settings. begun by Danish filmmakers in 1995, against the expensive filmmaking techniques used by commercial film industries
- dollying
- a wheeled ptform most often used to move a motion picture camera and its operator around while filming
- dutch angle
- a camera angle in which the vertical and horizontal lines of the film's image appear at an angle to the vertical and horizontal lines of the films frame
- emulsion
- a clear gelatin substance containing a thin layer o tiny light-sensitive particles that make up a photographic image.
- episodic plot
- story structure in which some scenes have no necessary or probable relation to each other; many scenes could be switched without strongl affecting the overall story or audience response
- establishing shot
- a shot, usually a long shot or an extreme long shot, used at the beginning of a scene to show where and sometimes when the events that are to follow take place.
- event
- in a narrative or story, either an action by a characer or person or a happening( a change brought about by a force other than a person or character).
- exposition
- Information supplied within a narrative about characters and about events that supposedly transpired before the earliest event in the plot.
- expressionism
- A style of art, literature, drama, and film used to represent not external reality in a belieable way but emotions in striking, stylized ways.
- extreme close up
- an image that shows one subject largerly or completely excludes the background.
- extreme long shot
- a shot in which the subject appears to be far from the camera
- eye level angle
- a camera angle that creates the effect ofthe audience being on the same level as the subject.
- fabula
- a term used by russian formalist school of literary theory and some later film theorists to mean the chronological reconstruction of all the events of a nonchronological plot.
- fast film stock
- film stock that requires relatvely little light for capturing images
- fast lens
- a camera lens that is efficient at transmitting light and thus transmits more light than a slow lens used in the same circumstances
- feature film
- a fictional film that is at least sixty minutes long
- fill light
- a soft light used to fill in unlit areas of the subject or to soften any shadows or lines made by other, brighter lights.
- film movement
- a group of films sharing innovative styles or subjects that emerges form the same country or region over a period of a few years and that are in oppostion to the dominant cinemas of the time.
- film noir
- Literally "black film". first made in the US during and after WWII, characterized by frequent scenes with dark, shadowy lighting, urban settings, characters motivated by selfishness, greed, cruelty, etc.
- film stock
- unexposed and unrocessed motion picture film (raw stock)
- fisheye lens
- an extreme wide angle lens that captures nearly 180 degrees of the are before the camera and causes much curvature of the image, especially near the edges
- flashback
- a shot or a few shots , a brief scene, or a sequence that interrupts a narratve to show earlier events.
- flashforward
- a shot, scene, or sequence hat interrupts a narrative to show events that happen in the future.
- foley artist
- sound specialist who uses various objects such as different types of floow surfaces to simulate sounds and synchronize them with corresponding movie images
- footage
- a length of exposed motion picture film
- frame
- A seperate, individual photograph on a strip of motion-picture film.
- french new wave
- a movement made up of a diverse group of French fictional films made in the late 1950 and 1960s. untraditional techniques
- gauge
- the width of afilm, usually measured in millimeters
- genre
- a group of fictional films that share enough similarities that both filmmakers and audiences recognize the films as members of the same group
- grain
- one of the many tiny light sensitive particles embedded in gelatin that is attatched to a clear, flexible film base
- hard light
- light that has not been diffused or reflected before illuminating the subject
- high angle
- a view of a subject from above, created by positioning the camera above the subject.
- high key lighting
- a high level of illumination on the subject. to create or enhance a cheerful mood.
- homage
- In film studies, a tribute in a text to a person, other text, or a part of a text.
- independent film
- film made withouth support or input from the dominant, esablished film industry.
- intertextuality
- the relation of one text(such as film) to another text or texts
- iris shot
- Shot in which part of the frame is masked or obscured, often leaving the remaining image in a circular or an oval shape.
- Italian neorealism
- as a film movement in during and after WWII. Mix of imaginary and actual events usually located in actual settings and showing ordinary and believable characters caught in difficult social and economic conditions
- key light
- the main light in a shot
- leader
- clear or opaque motion picture film of any color tt usually precedes and concludes a reel of film
- letterbox format
- A videotape, videodisc, and DVD format that retains the films original theatrical widescreen aspect ratio by not using a potion of the top and bottom of the analog TV or monitor screen.
- limbo
- An indistinct setting.
- location
- Any place other thand a film studio that is used for filming.
- long shot
- a shot in which the subject may be seen in its entirety and much of its surroundings is visible
- loose framing
- An image in which the main subject has ample space and does not see hemmed in by the edges of the frame and the background.
- low angle
- a view of the subject as seen from below eye level
- low key lighting
- lighting with predominant dark tones, often deep dark tones
- magic realism
- a style in which occasional wildly improbable or impossible events are included in an otherwise realistic story.
- masking
- A technique used to block out part of an image temporarily.
- master-scene format
- a screenplay that briefly describes scenes but does not break them down into shots
- medium close up
- image in which the subject fills most of the frame, though not as much as in a close up
- medium shot
- shot in which he subject and surroundings are given about equal importance
- method acting
- Acting in which the performer studies the background of the character in depth, immerses himself in the rold, and created emotion in part by thinking of emotional situations from his life that resemble those of the character.
- mise en scene
- French for staging. An images setting, subjects, and compostion.
- mock documentary
- a fictional film that parodies or amusingly imitates documentary films
- morph
- (changing shape) altering or the aleration of a film image by degrees through the use of sophisticated computer software and multiple advanced computers.
- narration
- commentary in a film about a subject in the film or some other topic usually from someone off screen
- narrative
- a representation of a series of unified events situated in one or more settings
- negative
- unexposed film stock used to record negative images
- normal lens
- a camera lens that provides te least distortion of image and movement.
- offscreen
- the area beyond the frame line, which has many possible uses
- pan
- filming whie a movie camera is pivoted horizontally on a stationary base(tripod)
- parody
- a representation that amusingly imitates human behavior or a text, part of a text, or groups of texts, often to ridicule or criticize.
