Glossary of Exploring Medical Language
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- micro-
(prefix) - small
- puerper/o
(combining form) - childbirth
- pseud/o
(combining form) - false
- chori/o
(combining form) - chorion
The outermost of the two female membranes - the amnion is the inner most - which together surround the embryo
- lact/o
(combining form) - milk
- peri
(prefix) - surrounding (outer)
- embry/o
(combining form) - embryo, to be full
- -partum
(suffix) - childbirth, labor
- prim/i
(combining form) - first
- par/o
(combining form) - bear, give birth to, labor, childbirth
- part/o
(combining form) - bear, give birth to, labor, childbirth
- amni/o
(combining form) - amnion
A thin membrane surrounding the fetus during pregnancy
- esophag/o
(combining form) - esophogus
The tube that connects the pharynx (throat) with the stomach
- pre-
(prefix) - before
- cervic/o
(combining form) - cervix
The lower narrow part of the uterus forming a canal into the vagina which leads to the outside of the body
- gravid/o
(combining form) - pregnancy
- -tocia
(suffix) - birth, labor
- culd/o
(combining form) - cul-de-sac
A blind pouch or cavirty that is closed on one end
- -rrhexis
(suffix) - rupture
- pylor/o
(combining form) - pylorus, pyloric sphincter
The outlet of the stomach
- colp/o
(combining form) - vagina
- nat/o
(combining form) - birth
- spermat/o
(combining form) - spermatozoa, sperm
- gynec/o
(combining form) - woman
- perine/o
(combining form) - perineum
The area between the anus and the scrotum (in men) or the vulva (in women)
- -amnios
(suffix) - amnion, amniotic fluid
- splen/o
(combining form) - spleen
- metr/o, metr/i
(combining form) - uterus
- cardi/o
(combining form) - heart
- arche/o
(combining form) - first, beginning
- mamm/o
(combining form) - breast
- ile/o
(combining form) - ileum
The lowest part of the small intestine, located beyond the duodenum and jejunum, just before the large intestine (the colon)
- plasm/o
(combining form) - plasma
The liquid part of the blood and lymphatic fluid, which makes up about half of its volume
- phleb/o
(combining form) - vein
- lymph/o
(combining form) - An almost colorless fluid that travels through vessels called lymphatics in the lymphatic system and carries cells that help fight infection and disease
- valv/o
(combining form) - valve
- electr/o
(combining form) - electricity, electrical activity
- thym/o
(combining form) - thymus gland
A lymphoid organ situated in the center of the upper chest just behind the sternum (breastbone)
- colon/o
(combining form) - colon
The part of the large intestine that runs from the cecum to the rectum as a long hollow tube
- arteri/o
(combining form) - artery
- peritone/o
(combining form) - peritoneum
The membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers most of the abdominal organs
- thromb/o
(combining form) - clot
- -sclerosis
(suffix) - hardening
- -penia
(suffix) - abnormal reduction in number
- nulli-
(prefix) - none
- gastr/o
(combining form) - stomach
- ech/o
(combining form) - sound
- tachy-
(prefix) - fast, rapid
- brady-
(prefix) - slow
- -graph
(suffix) - instrument used to record
- post-
(prefix) - after
- arther/o
(combining form) - yellowish, fatty plaque
- therm/o
(combining form) - heat
- atri/o
(combining form) - atrium
One of the two smaller chambers of the heart
- pelv/i, pelv/o
(combining form) - pelvis, pelvic bone
The lower part of the abdomen located between the hip bones
- multi-
(prefix) - many
- valvul/o
(combining form) - valve
- isch/o
(combining form) - deficiency, blockage
- -salpinx
(suffix) - fallopian tube
- ventricul/o
(combinging form) - ventricle
A chamber of an organ
- cephal/o
(combining form) - head
- omphal/o
(combining form) - umbilicus, navel
- fet/o, fet/i
(combining form) - fetus, unborn child
- ven/o
(combining form) - vein
- rect/o
(combining form) - rectum
The last 6 to 8 inches of the large intestine
- -poiesis
(suffix) - formation
- angi/o
(combining form) - vessel
- -atresia
(suffix) - absence of a normal opening, occlusion, closure
- -ial
(suffix) - pertaining to
- lapar/o
(combining form) - abdomen
- col/o
(combining form) - colon
The part of the large intestine that runs from the cecum to the rectum as a long hollow tube
- sial/o
(combining form) - saliva
- diverticul/o
(combining form) - diverticulum
A small bulging sac pushing outward from the colon wall
- palat/o
(combining form) - palate
The roof of the mouth. The front portion is bony (hard palate), and the back portion is muscular (soft palate)
- aort/o
(combining form) - aorta
The largest artery in the body
- -apheresis
(suffix) - removal
- -ac
(suffix) - pertaining to
- cheil/o
(combining form) - lip
- duoden/o
(combining form) - duodenum
The first part of the small intestine
- choledoch/o
(combining form) - common bile duct
- appendic/o
(combining form) - appendix
A small outpouching from the beginning of the large intestine (the ascending colon)
- or/o
(combining form) - mouth
- chol/e
(combining form) - gall, bile
- gloss/o
(combining form) - tongue
- sigmoid/o
(combining form) - sigmoid colon
the lower colon (the lower portion of the large bowel)
- gingiv/o
(combining form) - gum
- abdomin/o
(combining form) - abdomen
The belly, that part of the body that contains all of the structures between the chest and the pelvis
- hepat/o
(combining form) - liver
- herni/o
(combining form) - hernia
A general term referring to a protrusion of a tissue through the wall of the cavity in which it is normally contained
- cec/o
(combining form) - cecum
The cecum (also spelled caecum), the first portion of the large bowel, situated in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen
- enter/o
(combining form) - intestines
- an/o
(combining form) - anus
The opening of the rectum to the outside of the body
- jejun/o
(combining form) - jejunum
Part of the small intestine. It is half-way down the small intestine between its duodenum and ileum sections
- antr/o
(combining form) - antrum
A general term for cavity or chamber which may have specific meaning in reference certain organs or sites in the body
- uvul/o
(combining form) - uvula
The small piece of soft tissue that can be seen dangling down from the soft palate over the back of the tongue
- lingu/o
(combining form) - tongue
- hemi-
(prefix) - half
- celi/o
(combining form) - abdomen
The belly, that part of the body that contains all of the structures between the chest and the pelvis
- -odynia
(suffix) - pain
- -pepsia
(suffix) - digestion
- dipl/o
(combining form) - two, double
- -crit
(suffix) - to separate
- proct/o
(combining form) - rectum
The last 6 to 8 inches of the large intestine
- ton/o
(combining form) - tension, pressure
- cholangi/o
(combining form) - bile duct
- polyp/o
(combining form) - small growth
- pancreat/o
(combining form) - pancreas
A fish-shaped spongy grayish-pink organ about 6 inches long that stretches across the back of the abdomen, behind the stomach
- core/o
(combining form) - pupil
The opening of the iris
- stomat/o
(combining form) - mouth
- retin/o
(combining form) - retina
The retina is the nerve layer that lines the back of the eye, senses light, and creates impulses that travel through the optic nerve to the brain
- coren/o
(combining form) - cornea
The clear front window of the eye that transmits and focuses light into the eye
- -plegia
(suffix) - paralysis
- blephar/o
(combining form) - eyelid
- phot/o
(combining form) - light
- lacrim/o
(combining form) - tear duct, tear
- bi-, bin-
(prefix) - two
- -phobia
(suffix) - abnormal fear of or aversion to specific objects of things
- dacry/o
(combining form) - tear, tear duct
- iri/o
(combining form) - iris
The iris is the circular, colored curtain of the eye
- pupill/o
(combining form) - pupil
The opening of the iris
- scler/o
(combining form) - sclera
The tough white outer coat over the eyeball that covers approximately the posterior five-sixths of its surface
- cry/o
(combining form) - cold
- cor/o
(combining form) - pupil
- opt/o
(combining form) - vision
- kerat/o
(combining form) - cornea
The clear front window of the eye that transmits and focuses light into the eye
Can also mean horny tissue
- arthr/o
(combining form) - joint
- -opia
(suffix) - vision (condition)
- tympan/o
(combining form) - eardrum, middle ear
- labyrinth/o
(combining form) - labyrinth, inner ear
- irid/o
(combining form) - iris
The iris is the circular, colored curtain of the eye
- ocul/o
(combining form) - eye
- ophthalm/o
(combining form) - eye
- oste/o
(combining form) - bone
- lamin/o
(combining form) - lamina, thin flat plate or layer
- myring/o
(combining form) - tympanic membrane (eardrum)
- aur/i, aur/o
(combining form) - ear
- mastoid/o
(combining form) - mastoid
The rounded protrusion of bone just behind the ear once thought to look like the breast
- scoli/o
(combining form) - crooked, curved
- ten/o
(combining form) - tendon
The tissue by which a muscle attaches to bone
- clavicul/o
(combining form) - clavicle (collarbone)
- tibi/o
(combining form) - tibia
The larger of the two bones in the leg (the smaller one being the fibula). The tibia is familiarly known as the shinbone
- staped/o
(combining form) - stapes
A stirrup-shaped bone in the middle ear
- stern/o
(combining form) - sternum (breastbone)
Anatomic name for the breast bone, the long flat bone in the upper middle of the front of the chest
- lord/o
(combining form) - bent forward
- sacr/o
(combining form) - sacrum
The large heavy bone at the base of the spine, which is made up of fused sacral vertebrae
- conjunctiv/o
(combining form) - conjunctiva
A thin clear moist membrane that coats the inner surfaces of the eyelids and the outer surface of the eye
- burs/o
(combining form) - bursa (cavity)
- myos/o
(combining form) - muscle
- lumb/o
(combining form) - loin (lumbar region of the spine)
Referring to the 5 lumbar vertebrae which are situated below the thoracic vertebrae and above the sacral vertebrae in the spinal column
- acou/o
(combining form) - hearing
- ot/o
(combining form) - ear
- supra-
(prefix) - above
- cost/o
(combining form) - rib
- maxill/o
(combining form) - maxilla (upper jawbone)
- vertebr/o
(combining form) - vertebra
A vertebra is one of 33 bony segments that form the spinal column of humans
- femor/o
(combining form) - femur (upper leg bone)
- myel/o
(combining form) - spinal cord (myel/o also means bone marrow)
- carp/o
(combining form) - carpals (wrist bones)
- -physis
(suffix) - growth
- sym-
(prefix) - together, joined
- syn-
(prefix) - together, joined
- pub/o
(combining form) - pubis
The front center portion of the pelvis
- tars/o
(combining form) - tarsals (ankle bones)
- scapul/o
(combining form) - scapula (shoulder blade)
- menisc/o
(combining form) - meniscus (cresent)
- ili/o
(combining form) - ilium
The upper part of the bony pelvis which forms the receptacle for the head of the femur at the hip joint
- fibul/o
(combining form) - fibula (lower leg bone)
The lateral (outside) and smaller of the two long bones in the lower leg between the knee and ankle
- tendin/o
(combining form) - tendon
The tissue by which a muscle attaches to bone. A tendon is somewhat flexible, but fibrous and tough
- clavic/o
(combining form) - clavicle (collarbone)
- patell/o
(combining form) - patella (kneecap)
- mandibul/o
(combining form) - mandible (lower jaw bone)
- petr/o
(combining form) - stone
- phalang/o
(combining form) - phalanges, finger or toe bones
- audi/o
(combining form) - hearing
- rachi/o
(combining form) - spine, vertebral column
- kinesi/o
(combining form) - movement, motion
- inter-
(prefix) - between
- ischi/o
(combining form) - ischium
Bone making up the lower down back part of the pelvis
- chondr/o
(combining form) - cartilage
Firm, rubbery tissue that cushions bones at joints
- synovi/o
(combining form) - synovia, synovial membrane
The fluid that lubricates joints
- tend/o
(combining form) - tendon
- -clasia
(suffix) - break
- kyph/o
(combining form) - hump
- spondyl/o
(combining form) - vertebra
- radi/o
(combining form) - radius (lower arm bone)
- aponeur/o
(combining form) - A sheetlike fibrous membrane, resembling a flattened tendon, that serves as a fascia to bind muscles together or as a means of connecting muscle to bone
- uln/o
(combining form) - ulna (lower arm bone)
- crani/o
(combining form) - cranium, skull
- humer/o
(combining form) - humerus (upper arm bone)
- -asthenia
(suffix) - weakness
- mon/o
(combining form) - one
- gangli/o
(combining form) - ganglion
an aggregation of nerve cell bodies
- cerebell/o
(combining form) - cerebellum
The portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the brain stem
- ankyl/o
(combining form) - crooked, stiff, bent
- disk/o
(combining form) - intervertebral disk
A pad of cartilage between two vertebrae that acts as a shock absorber
- -clast
(suffix) - break
- -clasis
(suffix) - break
- dur/o
(combining form) - hard, dura mater
The outermost, toughest, and most fibrous of the three membranes (meninges) covering the brain and the spinal cord
- psych/o
(combining form) - mind
- quadr/i
(combining form) - four
- ganglion/o
(combining form) - an aggregation of nerve cell bodies
- -schisis
(suffix) - split, fissure
A cleft or groove. A fissure can be normal or abnormal
- -desis
(suffix) - surgical fixation, fusion
- esthesi/o
(combining form) - sensation, sensitivity, feeling
- encephal/o
(combining form) - brain
- mening/o, mening/i
(combining form) - meninges
The three membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord
- cerebr/o
(combining form) - cerebrum, brain
The largest part of the brain
- -iatrist
(suffix) - specialist, physician
- -paresis
(suffix) - slight paralysis
- phas/o
(combining form) - speech
- phren/o
(combining form) - mind
- -ictal
(suffix) - seizure, attack
- -iatry
(suffix) - treatment, specialty
- radicul/o
(combining form) - nerve root
- radic/o
(combining form) - nerve root
- calc/i
(combining form) - calcium
- ment/o
(combining form) - mind
- tetra-
(prefix) - four
- poli/o
(combining form) - gray matter
- adrenal/o
(combining form) - adrenal gland
One of a pair of small glands, each of which sits on top of one of the kidneys
- kal/i
(combining form) - potassium
- adren/o
(combining form) - adrenal gland
One of a pair of small glands, each of which sits on top of one of the kidneys
- dips/o
(combining form) - thirst
- endocrin/o
(combining form) - endocrine
Pertaining to hormones and the glands that make and secrete them into the bloodstream through which they travel to affect distant organs
- rhiz/o
(combining form) - nerve root
- aden/o
(combining form) - gland
- thyroid/o
(combining form) - thyroid gland
- thyr/o
(combining form) - thyroid gland
A gland that makes and stores hormones that help regulate the heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and the rate at which food is converted into energy
- acr/o
(combining form) - extremities, height
- parathyroid/o
(combining form) - parathyroid gland
A gland that regulates calcium, located behind the thyroid gland in the neck
- natr/o
(combining form) - sodium
- cortic/o
(combining form) - cortex
The outer portion of an organ
- -drome
(suffix) - run, running
- -ologist
(suffix) - one who studies and treats (specialist, physician)
- -logy
(suffix) - study of
- -stasis
(suffix) - control, stop, standing
- -plasm
(suffix) - a growth, substance formation
- -genesis
(suffix) - origin, cause
- -gen
(suffix) - substance or agent that produces or causes
- hist/o
(combining form) - tissue
- chrom/o
(combining form) - color
- lip/o
(combining form) - fat
- cyan/o
(combining form) - blue
- sarc/o
(combining form) - flesh, connective tissue
- system/o
(combining form) - system
- cyt/o
(combining form) - cell
- path/o
(combining form) - disease
- adenocarcinoma
- cancerous tumor of glandular tissue
- andenoma
- tumor composed of glandular tissue
- carcinoma
- cancerous tumor
- chloroma
- tumor of green color
- epithelioma
- tumor composed of epithelium
- fibroma
- tumor composed of fiber
- fibrosarcoma
- malignant tumor composed of fiber
- leiomyoma
- tumor composed of smooth muscle
- leiomyosarcoma
- malignant tumor of smooth muscle
- lipoma
- tumor composed of fat
- liposarcoma
- malignant tumor of fat
- melanocarcinoma
- cancerous black tumor
- melanoma
- black tumor
- myoma
- tumor composed of muscle
- neoplasm
- new growth
- neuroma
- tumor composed to nerve
- rhabdomyoma
- tumor composed of striated muscle
- rhabdomyoscarcoma
- malignant tumor of striated muscle
- sarcoma
- tumor of connective tissue
- cytogenic
- producing cells
- cytoid
- resembling a cell
- cytology
- study of cells
- cytoplasm
- cell substance
- dysplasia
- abnormal development
- epithelial
- pertaining to the epithelium
- erythrocyte
- red blood cell
- erythrocytosis
- increase in number of red blood cells
- histology
- the study of tissue
- hyperplasia
- excessive development
- hypoplasia
- incomplete development
- karyocyte
- cell with a nucleus
- karyoplasm
- substance of a nucleus
- leukocyte
- white blood cell
- leukocytosis
- increase in the number of white blood cells
- lipoid
- resembling fat
- myopathy
- disease of the muscle
- neuroid
- resembling a nerve
- somatic
- pertaining to the body
- somatogenic
- originating in the body
- somatopathy
- disease of the body
- somatoplasm
- body substance
- systemic
- pertaining to a system
- visceral
- pertaining to internal organs