- Ant pit acidophils make
- GH, prolactin"Throw acid in GP's face"
- a-glucosidase inhibitors
- Acarbose, MiglitolInhibit brush border sugar hydrolysis
- Addison's signs/sx
- hypotension, skin hyperpigmentation, weakness, vomitting, diarrhea, sweating
- all hormones are down except prolactin is increased?
- Hypothalmus lesion or pit stalk is severed
- Alpha subunit
- common to TSH, LH, FSH, hCGB-unit differentiates them
- Amine hormones are derived from?
- TyrosineThyroid, epi, norep
- Ant pit is derived from?
- oral ectoderm
- anti-microsomal Abs
- result of thyroid destruction in hashimoto'santi-thyroglobulin too
- Biguanide
- Metformindecrease gluconeogenesis
- bone disease of primary hyperparathyroid
- osteitis fibrosa cystica (von recklinhausen's)cystic bone lesions (painful) filled w/ brown fibrous tissue
- bone disease of renal failure
- renal osteodystrophy
- Causes of galactorhea
- prolactinomaAntipsychotics (DA antagonists)Hypothyroid
- causes of hypercalcemia
- Ca, Hyperparathyroid, Iatrogenic, Multiple myeloma, Paget's, Addison's, Neoplasms, ZE, Excess Vit D, Excess Vit A, SarcoidCHIMPANZEES
- causes of hypoparathyoid
- Presents w/ signs of hypocalcemia (Chvosteck, Trouseau)
surgical damage of parathyroid, Di George - conn's syndrome
- primary hyperaldosteronism
- control of prolactin
- DA is increased by prolactin and inhibits release from ant pit. TRH stimulates release from ant. pit and is inhibited by T4.
- Cushing's syndrome, key findings
- HTN, hyperglycemia, truncal obeisity, osteoporosis, amenorrhea, etc.
- distinguish Addison's from secondary cause
- Addison's has hyperpigmentation from MSH from excess ACTH production from POMC
- Drugs that cause nephrogenic DI
- Li, demeclocycline (tetracycline used to tx SIADH)
- endocrine uses of octreotide
- acromegaly, carcinoid, gastrinoma, glucagonoma
- functions of T3
- Brain maturationBone growthBeta-adrenergic effectBMR increase (Na/K ATPase)
- germinal centers in thymus
- myasthenia gravisproduce the Abs that attack the ACh receptorsCan also see thymomas (less common)
- germinal centers in thyroid gland
- hashimoto's
- Glitazones
- Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone, (Troglitzone off market)Increase target cell response to insulinSE:Fluid retention-->don't give to CHF pt's
- glucocorticoid mechanism
- decrease leukotriene production by inhibiting phospholipase A2 and expression of COX-2
- High dose dexamethasone suppression
- ACTH producing tumor in pit = cushing's DISEASE
- HLA type in DMI
- HLA-DR3 and 4
- HLA type in Hashimoto's
- HLA Dr3, Dr5
- Insulin
- short: lispro, regularintermediate: NPH, LenteLong: Glargine, ultra-lente
- Ketoconazole and steroids
- supresses hormone synth
- low dose dexamethasone suppression
- healthy and normal
- masculinized female newborn
- 21OHase deficiency, decreased aldo and cortisol, hypotension, increased ACTHHTN w/ 11OHase defeciency
- Medullary thyroid cancer
- cells are neural crest origin (same as pheo)produce calcitonin that becomes amyloid
- Men I
- (Wermer's) Parathyroid tumor, Pancreatic tumor, Pituitary tumor
- MEN IIa
- (Sipple's) Pheo, mudullary thyroid, parathyroidret proto-oncogene Presentation: Kidney stones and ulcers
- MEN IIb
- Pheo, mudullary thyroid, intestinal nueromasret proto-oncogene
- pancreas endo cell types a, b, d
- a=glucagonb=insulind=somatostatin
- Pharm tx of pheo
- phenoxybenzene (irreversible b-adrenergic blocker)
- phenotypically female newborn w/out physical development
- 17OHase deficiency, hypertension
- Post pit is derived from?
- neuroectoderm
- pseudohypoparathyroid
- kidney unresponsive to PTHshort stature, short 4th/5th digits
- PTU, methimazole
- inhibit iodination and condensationskin rash, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia
- ret proto-oncogene
- gain of function = hirchsprung'sloss of function = MEN I and IIa
- siburtamine
- sympathomimetic serotonin and norep reuptake inhibitor
- steroid hormones are derived from?
- Cholesterol
- subacute thyroiditis
- self-limited HYPOthyroidismCan by hyperthyroid early onTender thyroid gland
- sulfonylureas
- Tolbutamide, chlopropamide: (disulfiram effect)
Glyburide, Glimepiride, Glipizide Block K+ channel-->depolarize cell-->increase insulin release - Ts for SIADH
- demeclocycline, H20 restriction
- Tx for agromegaly
- Octreotide
- Tx for carcinoid sydnrome
- octreotide
- Tx for DI
- central: intranasal desmopressinnephrogenic: HCTZ, indomethacin, amiloride
- Used to tx increased prolactin secretion
- DA antagonists (bromocriptine)
- what is dexamethasone
- cortisol analog
- which tissues don't need insulin to take up Glu?
- Brain and RBCshave GLUT1 trasporter
