- A COVALENT BOND BETWEEN ATOMS WITH IDENTICAL OR VERTY SIMILAR ELECTRONEGATIVITIES IS A:
- NONPOLAR COVALENT.
- A NONPOLAR COVALENT BOND WOULD HAVE AN:
- ELECTRONEGATIVITY DIFFERENCE OF 0.0 TI 0.4.
- A P ORBITAL HAS:
- TWO LOBES, THERE IS A SET OF THREE P ORBITALS ARRANGED IN THREE DIFFERENT DIRECTION, X,Y,AND Z, AROUND THE NUCLEUS.
- AN ELECTRON DOT SYMBOL IS
- A CONVENIENT WAY TO REPRESENT THE VALENCE ELECTRON.
- AN S ORBITAL IS:
- SPHERICAL WITH NUCLEUS AT THE CENTER. THERE IS JUST ONE S ORBITAL IN EVERY ELECTRON ENERGY LEVEL.
- AS THE NUMBER OF PROTONS IN THE NUCLEUS INCREASES ACROSS A PERIOD:
- MORE ENERGY IS REQUIRED TO REMOVE AND ELECTRON.
- ATOM:
- SMALLEST PARTICLE FOUND IN PROTONS AND NEUTRON ARE LOCATED IN THE NUCLEUS.
- ATOMIC MASS
- IS AN AVERAGE OF THE MASS OF ALL NATURALLY OCCURING ISOTOPES OF THAT ELEMENT.
- ATOMIC MASS UNIT
- ON TWELFTH OF THE MASS OF EVERY ATOM IS COMPARED.
- ATOMIC NUMBER
- IS EQUAL TO THE NUMBER OF PROTONS IN THE NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM IS USED TO IDENTITY EACH ELEMENT.
- ATOMIC RADIUS
- IS THE DISTANCE FROM THE NUCLEUS TO THE VALENCE (OUTERMOST) ELECTRONS.
- ATOMIC SYMBOL
- INDICATES THE MASS NUMBER AND THE ATOMIC NUMBER OF THE ATOM.
- ATOMS
- ARE COMPOSED OF EVEN SMALLER BITS OF MATTER CALLED SUBATOMIC PARTICLES.
- CATION-ANION.
- ALWAYS WRITE THE NAME OF THE CATION FIRST AND THE NAME OF THE ANION SECOND.
- CHEMICAL SYMBOLS
- ARE ONE OR TWO LETTER ABBREVIATIONS FOR THE NAMES OF THE ELEMENTS. ONLY THE FIRST LETTER OF AN ELEMENTS SYMBOL IS CAPITALIZED.
- COMPOUNDS
- THEY CONSIST OF A COMBINATION OF TWO OR MORE ELEMENTS ALWAYS IN THE SAME RATIO.
- COVALENT COMPOUNDS:
- ELECTRONS ARE NOT TRANSFERED FROM ONE ATOM TO ANOTHER, BUT ARE SHARED BETWEN ATOMS OF NONMETALS TO ACHIEVE STABILITY.
- CRISS CROSS IS USED TO:
- GET THE IONIC FORMULA FOR COMPOUNDS. NA+ AND 02- = Na2O.
- DOUBLE BOND
- OCCURS WHEN TWO PAIRS OF ELECTRONS ARE SHARED.
- ELECTRON
- CARRY A NEGATIVE CHARGE.
- ELEMENTS
- ARE COMPOSED OF ONLY ON TYPE OF ATOM.
- ELEMENTS ARE
- PURE SUBSTANCE
- ENERGY LEVEL
- LEVEL 1-2 ELECTRONS. LEVEL 2-CAN HOLD UP TO 8 ELECTRONS. LEVEL 3 CAN HOLD UP TO 18 ELECTRON, AND LEVEL 4 HAS ROOM FOR 32 ELECTRON.
- EVERY ELEMENT HAS
- A PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, WHICH ARE THOSE CHARACTERISTICS THAT CAN BE OBSERVED OR MEASURED WITHOUT AFFECTING THE IDENTITY OF AN ELEMENT.
- EXPONENT SIGN
- POS. OR NEG SIGN ARE WROTE DOWN.
- FIRST NONMETAL
- USE A PREFIX TO MATCH SUBSCRIPT BEFORE ELEMENT NAME.
- GOING ACROSS A PERIOD FORM LEFT TO RIGHT:
- THE IONIZATION ENERGY GENERALLY INCREASES.
- GROUP NUMBER
- INDICATE THE NUMBER OF VALENCE (OUTER)ELECTRONS FOR THE ELEMENTS IN EACH VERTICAL COLUMN.
- HALOGENS
- ARE FOUND ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE PERIODIC TABLE IN GROUP 7A.
- HETEROGENEOUS
- (THE CHEMICAL WILL NOT MIX) MIXTURE THE COMPONENTS DO NOT HAVE A UNIFORM COMPOSITION THROUGHOUT THE SAMPLE
- HOMOGENEOUS
- (CHEMICAL THAT WILL MIX) MIXTURE ALSO THE SOLUTION THE COMPOSITION IS UNIFORM THROUGHOUT THE SAMPLE.
- HOW DOES THE OCTET RULE EXPLAIN THE FORMATION OF A SODIUM ION?
- BY LOSING 1 VALENCE ELECTRON FROM THE THIRD ENERGY LEVEL, SODIUM ACHIEVES AND OCTET IN THE SECOND ENERGY LEVEL.
- IDE
- IS USED TO OBTAINED THE NAMED OF A NONMETAL ION BY REPLACING THE END OF ITS ELEMENTAL.
- IN A POLYATOMIC ION
- A GROUP OF ATOMS HAS ACQUIRED AN ELECTRICAL CHARGE.
- IONIC
- IN WHICH ELECTRONS ARE TRANSFERRED.
- IONIC BONS
- IONIC COMPOUND CONSIST OF POS. AND NEG. IONS. THE IONS ARE HELD TOGETHER BY STRONG ATTRACTIONS BETWEEN THE APPOSTITELY CHARGE IONS.
- IONIZATION ENERGY IS
- THE ENERGY NEEDED TO REMOVE THE LEAST TIGHTLY BOUND ELECTRON FROM AN ATOM IN THE GASEOUS(G) STATE.
- IONS WITH NEG. CHARGES ARE CALLED:
- ANIONS
- ISOTOPES
- ARE ATOMS OF THE SAME ELEMENT THAT HAVE DIFFERENT NUMBER OF NEUTRONS.
- LEFT SIDE
- LOSSES ELECTRONS.
- MASS NUMBER
- IS THE SUM OF THE NUMBER OF PROTONS AND NEUTRONS IN THE NUCLEUS.
- MATTER IS:
- THE STUFF THAT MAKES UP A THINGS.
- METAL
- FORM ONE POSTIVE ION;FOR MORE THAN ONE POS. ION; USE THE NAME ELEMENT; USE ELEMENT NAME FOLLOWED BY A ROMAN NUMERAL EQUAL TO THE CHARGE.
- METAL ALWAYS
- LOOSE ELECTRONES.
- METAL ION
- IS THE SAME AS ITS ELEMENTAL NAME.
- METALLOIDS
- ARE ELEMENTS THAT EXHIBIT SOME PORPERTIES THAT ARE TYPICAL OF THE METALS AND OTHER PROPERTIES THAT ARE CHARACTERISTIC OF THE NONMETALS.
- METALS
- ARE SHINY SOLIDS; ARE GOOD CONDUCTORS OF HEAT AND ELECTRICITY.
- METALS LOSE ELECTRONS TO FORM:
- POSITIVE IONS.
- MIXTURE
- TWO OR MORE SUBSTANCES ARE PHYSICALLY MIXED, BUT NOT CHEMICALLY COMBINED.
- MIXTURE IS
- A TYPE OF MATTER THAT CONSISTS OF 2 OR MORE.
- MOST POLYATOMIC ION CONSIST OF
- A NONMETAL SUCH AS PHOSPHORUS, SULFUR, CARBON OR NITROGEN BONDED TO OXYGEN ATOMS.
- NAME THE ANION BY CHAGING THE LAST PART OF ITS ELEMENT NAMES TO:
- IDE.
- NECLEUS
- WHERE THE PROTON AND NEUTRONS ARE LOCATED, HAS A POSITIVE CHARGE AND CONTAINS MOST OF THE MASS OF AN ATOM.
- NEUTRON
- HAS NO ELECTICAL CHARGE; IT IS NEUTRAL.
- NOBLE GASES HAVE A:
- PARTICULARLY STABLE OCTET OF 8 VALENCE ELECTRONS EXCEPT FOR HELIUM WHICH IS STABLE WITH 2 ELECTRONS FILLING ITS FIRST ENERGY LEVEL.
- NON METAL
- ARE NOT VERY SHINY, MELLEABLE, OR DUCTILE, AND THEY OFTEN POOR CONDUCTORS OF HEAT AND ELECTRICITY.
- NON METAL 5A,6A,AND 7A
- GAIN 3,2,AND 1.
- NON METAL ALWAYS
- GAIN ELECTRON.
- OCTECT RULE
- THIS TENDENCY FOR ATOMS TO ACQUIRE A NOBLE GAS ARRANGEMENT PROVIDES A KEY TO OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE WAYS IN WHICH ATOMS BOND AND FORM COMPOUNDS.
- ORBITAL
- IS A REGION IN SPACE AROUND THE NUCLEUS IN WHICH AN ELECTRON IS MOST LIKELY TO BE FOUND.
- PERIOD
- EACH HORIZONTAL ROW IN THE TABLE.
- POSITIVE IONS ARE ALSO CALLED
- CATIONS
- PREFIX MONO IS
- USUALLY OMMITTED AA IN NO, NITROGEN OXIDE.
- PREFIXES NAMIN COVALENT COMPOUNDS
5 - PENTRA
- PREFIXES NAMIN COVALENT COMPOUNDS 1
- MONO
- PREFIXES NAMIN COVALENT COMPOUNDS 10
- DECA
- PREFIXES NAMIN COVALENT COMPOUNDS 2
- DI
- PREFIXES NAMIN COVALENT COMPOUNDS 3
- TRI
- PREFIXES NAMIN COVALENT COMPOUNDS 4
- TETRA
- PREFIXES NAMIN COVALENT COMPOUNDS 6
- HEXA
- PREFIXES NAMIN COVALENT COMPOUNDS 7
- HEPTA
- PREFIXES NAMIN COVALENT COMPOUNDS 8
- OCTA
- PREFIXES NAMIN COVALENT COMPOUNDS 9
- NONA
- PRONTON
- CARRIES POSITIVE CHARGE.
- PRONTONS AND NEUTRONS
- DETERMINE THE MASS OF THE NUCLEUS.
- PROTON
- HAS A POSITIVE CHARGE.
- PURE SUBSTANCE
- A TYPE OF MATTER THAT HAS A FIXED OR DIFINITE COMPOSITION. THERE ARE TWO KINDS OF PURE SUBSTANCES, ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS.
- PURE SUBSTANCES:
- IS ONE ELEMENT.
- RIGHT SIDE
- GAIN ELECTRONS.
- SECOND NONMETAL
- USE A PREFIX BEFORE THE ELEMENT AND END WITH IDE.
- THE ABILITY OF AN ATOM TO ATTACT BONDING ELECTRONS TO ITSELF IS CALLED;
- ELECTRONEGATIVITY.
- THE ELECTRONEGATIVITY
- INCREASED GOING ACROSS A PERIOD.
- THE ELEMENT IN GROUPS 1A,2A,AND 3A:
- LOSE 1,2,AND 3 ELECTRONS RESPECTIVELY.
- THE FORMULA OF AN IONIC COMPOUND INDICATES:
- THE NUMBER AND KINDS OF IONS THAT MAKE UP THE IONIC COMPOUND.
- THE IONIZATION ENERGY GENERALLY
- DECREASES GOING DOWN A GROUP.
- THE IONIZATION ENERGY IS:
- LOW FOR THE METAL AND HIGH FOR NON METALS.
- THE ITE ENDING IS USED:
- FOR THE NAMES RELATED IONS THAT HAVE ONE LESS OXYGENATION.
- THE NAMES OF THE MOST COMMON POLYATOMIC IONS END IN:
- ATE.
- THE NEG. CHARGE ION IS
- NON METALIC ELEMENT MOLECULE.
- THE NON METALS FROM GROUPS 5A,6A, AND 7A FROM:
- NEGATIVE IONS.
- THE NUMBER OF ELECTRONS IS EQUAL TO:
- THE NUMBER OF PROTONS.
- THE NUMBER OF NEUTRON IN THE ATOM IS FOUND:
- BY SUBTRACTIONG THE ATOMIC NUMBER FROM MASS NUMBER.
