- The newton is derived from what 3 SI base units?
- kilogram, the meter, and the second
- A collision in which no kinetic energy is lost
- elastic collision
- A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter
- temperature
- A special dipole-dipole attraction that occurs between molecules containing a hydrogen atom bonded to a small, highly electronegative atom with at least one lone electron pair
- hydrogen bond (sorry for the length of question)
- Although some _______ forces are stronger than others, all are weaker than ________, or bonding, forces
- intermolecular, intramolecular
- An instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure
- Barometer
- An instrument used to measure gas pressure in a closed container
- Manometer
- At a given temperature, all gases have the same average _______ energy.
- kinetic
- attractions between oppositely charged regions of polar molecules
- dipole-dipole forces
- Attractive forces that hold particles together in ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds
- Intramolecular forces
- Because gas particles are far apart, there are no significant _______ or ________ forces among them
- attractive, repulsive
- Collisions between gas particles are _______.
- elastic
- Defined as force per unit area
- Pressure
- Describes the behavior of gases in terms of particles in motion. the model makes several assumptions about the size, motion, and energy of gas particles
- The kinetic-molecular theory
- Due to the __________ nature of the dipoles, dispersion forces are the _________ intermolecular force
- temporary, weakest
- During ________, a gas escapes through a tiny opening such as a tire of a ballon hole.
- effusion
- Equal to 760mm Hg or 760 torr or 101.3 kilopascals
- 1 atmosphere
- Equal to a force of one newton per square meter
- 1 pascal
- For a _______ bond to form, hydrogen must be bonded to either a fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen atom
- Hydrogen
- For _____ particles to have the same average kinetic energy as heavier particles, they must, on average, have a ________ velocity
- lighter, greater
- Gas particles are in ________,________ motion
- constant, random
- Gas particles exert ______ when they collide w/ the walls of their container.
- pressure
- Gases consist of small particles that are separated from one another by _______ _______.
- empty space
- Graham\'s law also applies to rates of _________, which is logical because heavier particles diffuse more slowly than lighter particles at the same temperature
- diffusion
- Hold together identical particles, such as water molecules in a drop of water, or two different types of particles, such as carbon atoms in graphite and the cellulose particles in paper
- Intermolecular forces
- In a sample of a single gas, all particles have the same _____ but all particles do not have the same _______.
- mass, velocity
- Mass per unit volume
- density
- States that the rate of effusion for a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass
- Graham\'s law of effusion
- States that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the pressures of all the gases in the mixture
- Dalton\'s law of partial pressures
- The barometer was invented by who?
- Torricelli
- The particles in a ______ can flow to adjust to the shape of a container, but it cannot expand to fill its container
- liquid
- The pascal is derived from the SI unit of force, which is called the ________ (N).
- Newton
- The portion of the total pressure contributed by a single gas
- Partial pressure
- The rate of diffusion depends mainly on the _____ of the particles involved
- mass
- The SI unit of pressure
- pascal (Pa)
- The ____ of a liquid is much greater than that of its vapor at the same conditions
- density
- The ______-______ forces are only stronger than dispersion forces if they are between molecules of approximately the same mass
- dipole-dipole
- The ________ pressure of a gas depends on the number of moles of gas, the size of the container, and the temperature of the mixture
- partial
- The ________ pressures of gases at the same temperature are related to their concentration
- partial
- These atoms are electronegative enough to cause a large partial ________ charge on the hydrogen atom, yet small enough that their lone pairs of electrons can come close to hydrogen atoms
- positive
- Weak forces that result from temporary shifts in the density of electrons in electron clouds
- Dispersion forces
- What affects the physical properties of liquids and solids
- Composition and structure
- What two factors determine the kinetic energy of a particle?
- mass and velocity
- When 2 nonpolar molecules are in close contact, especially when they collide, the electron cloud of one molecule ________ the electron cloud of the other molecule
- repels
- When ________ ________ are close together, a weak dispersion force exist between oppositely charged regions of the dipoles
- temporary dipoles
- Who first demonstrated that air exerted pressure
- Torricelli
- ______ forces are the dominant force of atrraction between identical nonpolar molecules, can have a noticeable effect as the number of electrons involved increases
- Dispersion
- _______ molecules contain permanent dipoles; that is, some regions of a (same answer) molecule are always partially negative and some regions of the molecule are always partially positive
- polar
- _______ particles diffuse more rapidly than heavier particles
- Lighter
- _______ reflects both the speed and the direction of motion
- Velocity
- _______ _______ may be transfered between colliding particles, but the total of the two particles does not change.
- Kinetic Energy
- _________ forces exist between all particles, but they play a significant role only when there are no stronger forces of attraction acting on particles
- Dispersion
- __________\'s law ofpartial pressures can be used to determine the amount of gas produced by a reaction.
- Dalton
- ___________ polar molecules orient themselves so that oppositely charged regions line up
- Neighboring
