- A hyperosmotic solution has
- Greater concentration of solute.
- A hyposmotic solution has
- More dilute solution-low solute.
- A solute is
- one or more substances.
- A solvent is
- Dissolve in the predominant liquid or gas.
- A vesicle is
- A membrane bound sac found within the cytoplasm of a cell.
- Actin Filaments or Microfilaments support the
- Plasma membrane and define cell shape.
- Actin Filaments or Microfilaments: Are small fibrils that form
- Bundles, sheet, or network in cytoplasm of cell.
- Actin Filaments or Microfilaments: Provide structure:
- Cytoplasm and mechanical for microvilli.
- Active transport can also move
- Substances.
- Active transport is important because it can move substances
- Against their concentration gradients from lower to higher concentration.
- By the process of meiosis, a _________ number of chromosomes are produced in the gametes
- haploid
- Carbohydrates and lipids combined form
- Glycolipids.
- Carbohydrates and proteins combined form
- Glycoproteins.
- Carrier proteins function to
- move ions or molecules from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.
- Characteristics of mediated transport mechanisms: Competition
- The result of similar molecules binding to the transport protein.
- Characteristics of mediated transport mechanisms: Saturation
- Rate of movement of molecules across membrane is limited by the num. of available transport proteins.
- Characteristics of mediated transport mechanisms: Specifity
- Means that each transport protein binds to and transport only single type of molecules or ion.
- Chemical composition of the plasma membrane is: 4-8%
- Carbohydrates.
- Chemical composition of the plasma membrane is: 45-50%
- Lipids and proteins.
- Cholesterol amount present determines
- the fluid nature of the membrane.
- Cholesterol interspersed among
- the phospholipids and accounts for 1/3 of lipids.
- Cytoplasmic inclusions are
- Aggregates of chemical either produced by the cell of taken in by cell.
- Cytosol consists of
- Fluid portion a cytoskeleton and cytoplasmic inclusions.
- Cytosol fluid portion is
- Dissolved ion and molecules and colloid, especially proteins.
- Describe how endocytosis works:
- Uptake of material through the plasma membrane by the formation of a vesicle.
- Describe how secondary active transport works:
- Involve the active transport of an ion, such as sodium out of cell.
- Describe the process of exocytosis and what it is used for:
- In some cell secretions accumulate within vesicles, then move to plasma, vesicles fuses and is expelled from cells.
- Diffusion is the movement of
- Solutes from an area of higher to and area of lower concentration.
- Diffusion occurs due to the constant
- Ramdom motion fo atoms molecules or ion.
- Does active transport require what energy?
- Require ATP energy.
- Does facilitated diffusion require metabolic energy?
- No,
- Electron microscopes are used to
- study the fine structure of cells.
- Endocytosis refers to the bulk
- Phagocytosis and pinocytosis.
- Facilitated diffusion moves substances into or out of cells from
- A higher to a lower concentration.
- Functions of the Cell communication
- produce and respond to chemical and electrical signals tha allow them to communicate.
- Functions of the Cell Metabolism
- provides the energy necessary for cellular activities.
- Functions of the Cell reproduction and inheritance
- cell of the body called gametes are responsible for transmitting genetic info to next generation.
- Functions of the Cell Synthesis of molecules
- synthesize protein, necleic acid and lipids.
- Hydrophilic heads are
- (water loving) cells have water inside and out.
- Hydrophobic heads are
- (water fearing) tails face one another in the interior of plasma.
- In filtration, the liquid and small molecules move across the partition from:
- Small holes is placed in a stream of moving liquid.
- Integral (intrinsic) membrain proteins are found where?
- penetrate deeply into lipid bilayer.
- Integral proteins arranged to form
- attachment proteins.
- Integrins are involved in
- the protein portions of glycoproteins.
- Intermediate Filaments provide
- Mechanical strengh to cells.
- Isosmotic solutions have
- Same concentration of solute.
- Light microscopes allow us to
- visualize general features of cells.
- List 2 types of gated ion channels:
- ligand and voltage.
- Marker molecules do what?
- allow cells to identify one or other molecules.
- Material can pass through the plasma membrane: Directly through the phospholipid membrane
- Molecules that are soluble in lipids, such as O2, carbon dioxide and steroids pass througth the plasma by dissolving lipid.
- Material can pass through the plasma membrane: Membrane channels
- Each channel tupe allos only certain molecules to pass through it.
- Material can pass through the plasma membrane: Transport proteins.
- large polar molecules that are not lipid such a glucose and amino acids.
- Material can pass through the plasma membrane: Vesicles
- Large nonlipid soluble molecules, samll pieces of matter whole cells.
- Mediated transport mechanisms involve carrier proteins that
- Transporters, ATP powered pumps, and channel proteins (ion channels) are involved.
- Meiosis is the process of cell division that occurs in the
- gametes (egg and sperm
- Membrane potential or charge difference across the plasma membrane: The inside of the cell is:
- Negative charged ion.
- Membrane potential or charge difference across the plasma membrane: The outside of the cell is:
- pos. charged ion.
- Microtubules provide
- Support and structure to cytoplasm.
- Microtubules: Hollow tubules composed of
- Protein units called tubulin.
- Microtubules: Involved in the process of
- Cell division, transport of intracellular materials, and form cell organelles, such as centrioles spindle fibers and flagella.
- Nongated ion channels are always
- open
- Osmosis is the diffusion of
- Water across selectively permeable.
- Osmosis-Water diffuses from
- More water; selectively permeable membrane and into a solution with less water.
- Osmotic pressure is:
- The force required to prevent the movement of water by osmosis across a selectively permeable membrane.
- Peripheral (extrinsic) membrane proteins are found where?
- Attached to inner or outer of lipid bilayer.
- Phagocytosis or “cell-eating” applies to
- Endcystosis when solid particles are ingested and phagocytic vesicles are formed.
- Phospholipids assemble to form a
- lipid bilayer, a double layer of phospholipids.
- Pinocytosis or "cell-drinking" refers to
- Smaller vesicles are formed and they contain molecules dissolved in liquid.
- Plasma membrane are encloses and
- supports the cell contents.
- Plasma membrane determines what
- moves into and out of cells.
- Plasma membrane has the ability to
- recognize and communicate with each other.
- Plasma membrane is attaches to
- the extracellular enviroment of to other cells.
- Receptor Molecules can be linked to
- Channel proteins or G protein Complexes.
- Receptor Molecules: Proteins in the plasma membrane that can attach to
- Specific chemical signals.
- Selectively Permeable means that the membrane allows
- only certain substances to pass through it.
- Some active transport mechanisms
- Exchange on substance for another.
- Substances inside the plasma membrane are
- intracellular
- The glycocalyx is composed of
- Glycolipids, glycoproteins, and carbohydrates on outer surface.
- The maximum rate of Active transport depends on
- The num. of ATP powered pumps.
- The nucleus contains
- Proton and neutrons.
- The nucleus is described as a large
- Membrane-bound structure usually located near the center of cell.
- The osmotic pressure provides information about
- The tendency for water to move by osmosis across a selectively permeable.
- The process by which cytoplasm divides during cell division is known as
- cytokinesis
- The process called lysis does what to a cell?
- Cells swell, rupture
- The rate of diffusion is influenced by:
- Magnitude, temperature, the size, and vicosity.
- The rate of facilitated diffusion transport is
- Directly porportional to their concentration gradient up to the point of saturation.
- The term “concentration gradient” refers to
- The concentration difference between two point, divided by the distance between the two point.
- Viscosity is a measure of
- How easily a liquid flows.
- What are the functions of the cytoskeleton?
- Support and move cel, and holds the nucleus and organelles in place.
- What catalyzes chemical reactions on either the inner or outer surface of the plasma membrane?
- Enzymes.
- What does crenation mean?
- Shrunken cell
- What does the “fluid-mosaic model” say about the plasma membrane?
- Thas is neither rigid nor static instructure but is highly flexible an can change its shape and composition through time.
- What does “intercellular” mean?
- inside the cell.
