- conducting zone --> respiratory zone Hyaline cartilage
- loss in reinforcing cartilage
- conducting zone --> respiratory zone mucus-secreting cells
- loss of ability to secrete mucus
- conducting zone --> respiratory zone smooth muscle
- increase in smooth muscle (allows bronchiole constriction)
- conducting zone --> respiratory zone tissue type
- stratified to simple epithelium for gas exchange
- Air-blood barrier
- exchanges of gas between air and blood
- Alveolar cells (Type 1 cells)
- lines inside of air sacs; simple, epithelial tissu, allows for diffusion of gas
- alveolar ducts
- walls consist of diffusely arranged rings of smooth muscle cells, connective tissue fibers, and outpocketing alveoli
- Alveolar macrophages
- last fom of defense (eat viruses)
- alveolar sac
- cluster of alveoli
- alveoli
- individual air sacs
- bronchi (primary)
- air passageway connecting trachea with alveoli, cleans, warms and moistens incoming air
- epiglottis
- covers trachea; opens to breathe, closes for food
- hard palate
- made of bone, cews food
- larynx
- voice box; 1. provide an open airway 2. act as a switching mechanism to route air & food into proper channels3. voice production
- Nasal cavity
- lined with mucus and cilia, sends info to olfactory cortex
- nasopharynx
- posterior to nasal cavity, serves only as air passageway
- parietal pleura
- outer membrane, 2nd membrane
- pharynx
- tube from nasal cavity to esophagus
- pleurisy
- inflammation of pleurae
- soft palate
- blocks passage of food from going up to nose
- Surfactant-secreting cells (Type 2 cells)
- prevents collapse (sticky cells collapse)
- trachea
- keep air passage open, where air flows
- uvula
- prevents food from going up nose
- visceral pleura
- closest to lungs, 1st membrane
- What is the effect of hypersecretion of pleural fluid?
- Lungs can't expand and gets compressed
- What is the effect of hyposecretion of pleural fluid
- will attach and stick to each other
- What is the equation for gas exchange at lungs?
- C02 + H2O <-- H2CO3<- H+ + HCO3-
- What is the function of the conducting zone of the respiratory system?
- 1) Filter & clean air2) Humidify (moisten) inhaled air
- What is the function of the respiratory zone of the respiratory system?
- Gas exchange
- What is the role of pons in respiration?
- Prevents the lungs from overfilling with oxygen
- What keeps the lungs normally inflated?
- negative pressure of pleural cavity keeps lungs inflated
- What occurs during expiration?
- diaphragm relaxesintercoastal muscles relaxesvolume decreasespressure increasesair is exhaled out of lungs
- What occurs during inspiration?
- diaphragm contracts and lowersintercoastal muscles contract and widenvolume increasepressure decreasecavity is widened
- Why can't you hold your breath until you run out of oxygen?
- co2/h+ activates brain centers to force breathing
