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Glossary of Appendix F II

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Learn about Indicates whether the subject is acting or being acted upon, A word that is derived from a verb and has the power of a verb, but acts like another
part of speech.
, A word, or set of words, that expresses action or state of being.

, A technique of creating emphasis by saying less than is actually or literally
true., Story relating the adventures of a mischievous supernatural being much given
to capricious acts of sly deception, who often functions as a cultural hero or symbolizes the ideal of
a people.

, The change of a character in appearance or form
by magic,  The knowledge and beliefs of cultures that are transmitted by word of
mouth, The meaning a literary work refers to, stated in a phrase or word.
, An expression of a writer’s attitude toward a subject.
, An attitude or position taken by a writer or speaker with the purpose of proving or supporting
it.

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Indicates whether the subject is acting or being acted upon
Voice
A word that is derived from a verb and has the power of a verb, but acts like another
part of speech.
Verbal
A word, or set of words, that expresses action or state of being.

Verb
A technique of creating emphasis by saying less than is actually or literally
true.
Understatement
Story relating the adventures of a mischievous supernatural being much given
to capricious acts of sly deception, who often functions as a cultural hero or symbolizes the ideal of
a people.

Trickster tale
The change of a character in appearance or form
by magic
Transformation
 The knowledge and beliefs of cultures that are transmitted by word of
mouth
Traditional narrative
The meaning a literary work refers to, stated in a phrase or word.
Topic
An expression of a writer’s attitude toward a subject.
Tone
An attitude or position taken by a writer or speaker with the purpose of proving or supporting
it.
Thesis
A central idea or abstract concept that is made concrete through representation in person,
action, and image
Theme
A distinctively American type of humorous story characterized by exaggeration.

Tall tale
The way in which words are put together to form constructions, such as phrases or
sentences.

Syntax
A word that has a meaning identical with, or very similar to, another word in the
same language
Synonym
In literature, the serious and extensive use of symbols.
Symbolism
A person, place, or object that represents something beyond itself.
Symbol
A word part that is added to the ending of a root word and establishes the part of speech
of that word
Suffix
 A clause that does not present a complete thought and
cannot stand alone as a sentence
Subordinate (dependent) clause
The particular way a piece of literature is written
Style
A recurring grouping of two or more verse lines in terms of length, metrical form, and,
often, rhyme scheme.
Stanza
The variety of English used in public communication, particularly
in writing. It is the form taught in schools and used by educated speakers. It is not limited to a
particular region and can be spoken with any accent.

Standard written English
The widely accepted practices in English punctuation,
grammar, usage, and spelling that are taught in schools and employed by educated speakers and
writers.
Standard English conventions
A poem consisting of fourteen lines of iambic pentameter.
Sonnet
A speech in a dramatic work in which a character speaks his or her thoughts aloud.
Usually the character is on the stage alone, not speaking to other characters and perhaps not even
consciously addressing the audience.
Soliloquy
A comparison of two unlike things in which a word of comparison (often like or as) is
used.
Simile
A brief fictional work that usually contains one major conflict and at least one main
character.

Short story
The time and place of the action in a story, play, or poem.

Setting
A group of words expressing one or more complete thoughts.
Sentence
The text of a play, motion picture, radio broadcast, or prepared speech that includes
dialogue and stage directions
Script
List of criteria for evaluating student work.
Scoring guide
A literary technique in which ideas, customs, behaviors, or institutions are ridiculed for
the purpose of improving society
Satire
The number three (3) recurs especially in folk literature
and fairy tales
Rule of three
An authentic (close to real world) assessment tool for making scoring decisions;
a printed set of guidelines that distinguishes performances or products of different quality.

Rubric
A word or word element to which prefixes and suffixes may be added to
make other words.
Root (Root word)
The events in a story that move the plot forward.
Rising action
The vowel and any consonants that follow it.
Rime
The pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry.
Rhythm
In poetry, the pattern in which rhyme sounds occur in a stanza.
Rhyme scheme
The art of effective expression and the persuasive use of language
Rhetoric
To change a piece of writing in order to improve it in style or content.
Revise
Also called denouement, the portion of a play or story where the problem is solved
Resolution
 One or more words repeated at intervals in a poem, usually at the end of a stanza, such
as the last line of each stanza in a ballad
*Refrain
A joke that comes from a play on words.
pun
 The main character or hero of a story
Protagonist
 Writing or speaking in the usual or ordinary form.
prose
A word part that is added to the beginning of a base word that changes the sense or
meaning of the root or base word
prefix
The vantage point from which a story is told.
Point of view
An imaginative response to experience reflecting a keen awareness of language
Poetry
The action or sequence of events in a story
plot
A group of related words that lacks either a subject or a predicate or both
phrase
The study of sounds.
Phonics
Representing the sounds of speech with a set of distinct symbols, each denoting a
single sound.
Phonetic
The smallest unit of speech sound that makes a difference in communication.

Phoneme
Awareness that spoken language consists of
a sequence of phonemes.
*Phonemic awareness/Phonological awareness
Writing intended to convince the reader that a position is
valid or that the reader should take a specific action
Persuasion/Persuasive writing
A form of metaphor in which language relating to human action, motivation,
and emotion is used to refer to non-human agents or objects or abstract concepts:
*Personification
A poem presenting shepherds in rural settings, usually in an idealized manner
*Pastoral
A verb form ending in –ing or –ed.
Participle
 Imitates or mocks another work or type of literature.
Parody
The same grammatical structure of parts within a sentence or of sentences
within a paragraph.
*Parallel structure
A position from which something is considered or evaluated
Perspective
A unit of poetry such as a stanza or line
Verse

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