Glossary of Anatomy 1 - Shoulder & Arm Muscles
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Trapezius - Origin: occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae & spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: clavicle and scapula (acromion and scapular spine)
Action: elevate, retract, depress, or rotate scapula upward and/or elevate clavicle; extend neck
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Rhomboideus Minor - Origin: spinous process of vertebrae C7-T1
Insertion: vertebral border of scapula
Action: adducts & performs downward rotation of scapula
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Rhomboideus Major - Origin: spinous process of superior thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: vertebral border of scapula from spine to inferior angle
Action: adducts and downward rotation of scapula
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Levator Scapulae - Origin: transverse precesses of C1-C4 vertebrae
Insertion: vertebral border of scapula near superior angle
Action: elevates scapula
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Serratus Anterior - Origin: anterior and superior margins of ribs 1-8 or 1-9
Insertion: anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula
Action: protracts shoulder: rotates scapula so glenoid cavity moves upward rotation
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Pectoralis Minor - Origin: anterior surfaces and superior margins of ribs 3-5
Insertion: coracoid process of scapula
Action: depresses & protracts shoulder, rotates scapula (glenoid cavity rotates downward), elevates ribs
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Supraspinatus - Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: greater tuberacle of humerus
Action: abduction at the shoulder
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Infraspinatus - Origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: lateral rotation at shoulder
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Deltoid - Origin: clavicle and scapula (acromion and adjacent scapular spine)
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: abducts shoulder, flexion and extension, medial and lateral rotation of humerus
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Teres Minor - Origin: lateral border of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: lateral rotation at shoulder
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Teres Major - Origin: inferior angle of scapula
Insertion: medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus
Action: extension, adduction & medial rotation at shoulder
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Subscapularis - Origin: subscapular fossa of scapula
Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
Action: medial rotation at shoulder
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Pectoralis Major - Origin: cartilages of ribs 2-6, gladiolus & inferior, medial portion of clavicle
Insertion: crest of greater tubercle & lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus
Action: flexion, adduction & medial rotation at shoulder
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Latissimus Dorsi - Origin: spinous process of inferior T and all L vertebrae, ribs 8-12, and lumbodorsal fascia
Insertion: floor of intertubercular groove of the humerus
Action: extension, adduction, and medial rotation at shoulder
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Coracobrachialis - Origin: coracoid process
Insertion: medial margin of shaft of humerus
Action: adduction and flexion at shoulder
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Triceps Brachii (lateral head, long head, medial head) - Origin: (Lateral) Superior, lateral margin of humerus:(Long) Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula;(Medial) Posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove
Insertion: Olecranon of ulna
Action: (Lateral) extension at elbow;(Long) extension at elbow, extension & aduction at shoulder;(Medial) extension at elbow
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Brachialis - Origin: anterior, distal surface of humerus
Insertion: ulnar tuberosity
Action: flexion at elbow
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Brachioradialis - Origin: ridge superior to lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: lateral aspect of styloid process of radius
Action: flexion at elbow
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Pronator Teres - Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus & coronoid process of ulna
Insertion: middle of lateral surface of radius
Action: pronates forearm and hand by medial rotation of radius at radioulnar joints & flexion at elbow
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Flexor Carpi Radialis - Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones
Action: flexion and abduction at wrist
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Flexor Carpi Ulnaris - Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus; adjacent medial surface of olecranon and anteromedial surface of ulna
Insertion: pisiform bone, hamate bone, and base of 5th metacarpal bone
Action: flexion and adduction at wrist
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Extensor Carpi Ulnaris - Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus; adjacent dorsal surface of ulna
Insertion: base of 5th metacarpal bone
Action: extension and adduction at wrist
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Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis - Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: base of 3rd metacarpal bone
Action: extension and abduction at wrist
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Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus - Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion: base of 2nd metacarpal bone
Action: extension an abduction at wrist
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Supinator - Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus and ridge near radial notch of ulna
Insertion: anterolateral surface of radius distal to the radial tuberosity
Action: supinates forearm and hand by lateral rotation of radius at radioulnar joints
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Biceps Brachii - Origin: (short head) from coracoid process;(long head) from supraglenoid tubercle (scapula)
Insertion: radial tuberosity
Action: flexion at elbow and shoulder; supination
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Palmaris Longus - Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum
Action: flexion at wrist
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Extensor Digitorum - Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: posterior surfaces of phalanges, digits 2-5
Action: extension at finger joints and wrist
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