ABeka History 11 - Chapter 6 - People
Terms
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- Thomas Paine
- English philosopher who published the pamphlet Common Sense in 1776, encouraging Americans to declare their independence
- Richard Henry Lee
- American statesman who presented a resolution to Congress in 1776 calling for the colonies to declare their independence
- John Locke
- English political thinker who promoted the "social contract" theory of government; believed that the law of nature is reason; his works, particularly his Two Treatises on Government, greatly influenced the American colonists.
- William Blackstone
- English political thinker who believed that the law of nature is the will of God; his Commentaries on the Laws of England also had an important influence on the American colonists
- George Washington
- led the colonial army to victory; presided over the Constitutional Convention; served as the first President of the U.S.
- Marquis de Lafayette
- French general who became a close and valuable aid to General Washington
- Baron von Steuben
- Prussian general who helped Washington drill his troops into a disciplined army
- Baron de Kalb
- German general who helped the patriots and gave his life for the cause of American freedom
- Kosciusko and Pulaski
- Polish generals who helped the patriots; Pulaski gave his life for American freedom
- Robert Morris
- appointed by Congress to be superintendent of finance in 1781; obtained a much-needed loan from France
- Haym Solomon
- Polish Jew who helped Morris obtain French loans and donated his own money to patriot leaders
- Sir William Howe
- British general who captured New York City in 1776
- Admiral Lord Richard Howe
- William Howe's brother; aided his brother in the capture of New York
- Nathan Hale
- young American school teacher who was hanged by the British for spying
- General Cornwallis
- British general who surrendered to Washington at Yorktown
- General John Burgoyne
- British general who surrendered to patriot general Horatio Gates at Saratoga
- Colonel St. Leger
- British colonel who was routed by settlers under the command of patriot general Nicholas Herkimer at the Battle of Oriskany
- General Nicholas Herkimer
- led a patriot force to victory over British Colonel St. Leger at the Battle of Oriskany
- General Horatio Gates
- led patriot forces to victory over General Burgoyne at the Battle of Saratoga
- Sir Henry Clinton
- British general who replaced Sir William Howe as commander of the British forces in America
- Molly Pitcher
- nickname for Mary Ludwig, who took her husband's place at a cannon in the Battle of Monmouth after he fell
- George Rogers Clark
- patriot leader who captured the British forts at Kaskaskia, Cahokia, and Vincennes
- Joseph Brant
- Mohawk chief who helped the British in the American War for Independence
- John Paul Jones
- American naval hero and captain of the Bonhomme Richard; known for his famous reply, "I have not yet begun to fight."
- John Barry
- American naval hero known for capturing British warships
- "Mad Anthony" Wayne
- patriot general known for his reckless courage; recaptured the American fort at Stony Point
- Francis Marion
- patriot leader called the Swamp Fox; led Southern militiamen against the British
- General Thomas Sumter
- patriot general called the Fighting Game Cock; led Southern militiamen
- General Nathaneal Greene
- American general called the Fighting Quaker; regained the South for the patriot cause
- Benedict Arnold
- patriot leader who turned traitor and plotted to surrender the fort at West Point
- Major John Andre
- British accomplice to Arnold in his treachery
- Admiral de Grasse
- French admiral who blocked the entrance to Chesapeake Bay, preventing Cornwallis from receiving any help by sea
- County Rochambeau
- French general who reinforced Washington's army with 5,000 French troops as the patriots marched to Yorktown