- Anaphase
- -3rd stage of mitosis-Centromeres split-Chromatids (chromosomes now) searate from one another and progress slowly toward opposite ends of cell
- Cell
- The structural and functional unit of all living things. Differences in size, shape, and internal composition reflect their specific role in the body.
- Centrioles
- Direct formation of the mitotic spindle during cell division
- Chromatin
(where?) - -The genetic material is loosely disperesed throughout the nucleus in a threadlike form when the cell is not dividing
- Chromosomes
(where?) - -The chromatic/genetic material when the cell is in the process of diving to form daughter cells-The chromatin coils and condenses, forming dense, darkly staining rodlike bodies
- Cytokenesis
- The division of the cytoplasmic mass of the cell, not part of mitosis)
- Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm fluid name... - -All the cell contents outside the nucleus. The major site of most activities carried out by the cell.-Cytosol - fluid within cytoplasm, fills the cell
- Cytoskeletal element:-Intermediate filaments
- Resist mechanical forces acting on cells
- Cytoskeletal element:-Microfilaments
- Provide cell with form of mobility
- Cytoskeletal element:-Microtubules
- -Form internal structure of centrioles-Help determine cell shape
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)-location-2 types
- -Membraneous system of tubules that extentds throuhout the cytoplasm. 2 varieties:-Rough:studded with ribosomes-Smooth: site of steroid and lipid synthesis (production), lipid metabolism, and drug detoxification
- Golgi apparatus-delivery
- -Plays a role in packaging and transfering substances from cell or incorporation into plasma membrane and in packaging lysosomal enzymes-Stack of flattened sacks with bulbous ends and associated small vesicles-Found close to nucleus
- Inclusion
- Cell substances and structures that are not part of the active metabolic machinery of the cell
- Interphase
- -A cell's regular life cycle while it's not dividing, but growing and carrying out its usual activities-In an interphase cell about to divide, the genetic material (DNA) is replicated (duplicated exactly)
- Lysosomes
- -Function to digest worn-out cell organelles and foreign substances that enter the cell-Have the capacity for total cell destruction if ruptured
- Metaphase
- -2nd stage of mitosis-Chromosomes cluster at middle/axis of cell with their centromeres alligned at exact center/equator
- Microvilli
- -In some cells, the plasma membrane is thrown into minute fingerlike projections called microvilli.-Greatly increase surface area available for absorption or passage of materials -ex: digestive tract
- Mitochondria
- -Oxidezes food to produce ATP (cellular energy)-POWERHOUSE OF CELL
- Mitosis
- -Nuclear divson-Product: 2 daughter nuclei that are genetically identical to the mother nucleus
- Nuclear envelope
- -A double-layered porous membrane bouding the nucleus.-Distinguished by large nuclear pores
- Nucleoli
(where?) - -One or more small round bodies in the nucleus composed primarily of proteins and ribonucleic acid (RNA)-Assembly sites for protein (assemble ribosomes, which in turn make protein)
- Nucleus
- -"The control center of the cell"-Necessary for reproduction - site of DNA (genes)
- Organelle
General functions
Names - -"Small organs"-The metabolic machinery of the cell-Highly organized to carry out specific functions for the cell as a whole -Organelles: ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes,
- Peroxisomes
- -Detoxify alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, and other harmful chemicals
- Plasma Membrane
Its properties - -Separates cell contents from the surrounding environment.-Selective permeability - plasma membrane plays role in determining which substances may enter or leave the cell and in what quantity (nutrients enter but keeps out undesirable substances).
- Prophase
- -1st stage of mitosis-DNA replicated in Interphase-Chromatin forms chromosomes (chromosome consists of 2 sister chromatids)-Centromere - chromatids of each chromosome held together by this small, buttonlike body. After chr
- Ribosomes-composition-function-location within cell
- -Boidies composed of RNA and protein-Actual sites of protein synthesis-Floating free in the cytoplasm or attached to a membraneous structure (rouch endoplasmic reticulum)
- Telophase
- -4th (last) stage of mitosis-Prophase in reverse:-Chromosomes uncoil and take chromatin form-Spindle breaks down and disappears-Nuclear envelope forms around each chromatin mass
- Vacuole
- A space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid
