- 2 major mood disorders
- major depressive disorder and bipolar I disorder
- 4 basic parts of a neuron
- 1)Soma 2)Axon 3)Dendrites 4) Synapses
- 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex
- Frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital
- 5 subtypes of schizophrenia
- Paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, residual
- 6 neurotransmitters
- dopamine, serotonin, histamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, acetylcholine
- A crisis requires
- a person to adapt. It is a biopsychosocial event.
- Amok
- Syndrome consists of sudden, unprovoked outbursts of wild rage that cause affect persons to run about madly, indiscriminately attacking and maiming persons and animals in their way. Malaysian.
- Aphasia
- Acquired disorder of language: comprehension, word choice, expression, syntax
- Axon
- Conducts the nerve impulse to some location removed from the cell body
- Brief psychotic disorder
- Characterized primarily by the brief duration (@least 1 day, but
- Catatonic type of schizophrenia
- Marked disturbance in motor function, which may involve stupor, negativism, rigidity, excitement, or posturing
- Crisis points
- A basic assumption of life cycle theory is that each stage is characterized by a crisis point that must be negotiated successfully.
- Cross cultural studies show that ___ is a universal unit.
- the nuclear family of mother, father, and children
- Culture bounds
- all psychiatric syndromes to some extent
- Culture is
- the matrix in which all biopsychosocial funcioning operates
- Delusional disorder
- A chronic disorder that is characterized by the presence of delusions as the predominant symptom. Characterized by @least 1 month of nonbizarre delusions w/o other active-phase symptoms of schizophrenia
- Dendrite
- Receives signals from other neurons and transmit them back to the cell body of their own neuron
- Depression in mythology (or \"history\" as the review states)
- King Saul had depression and eventual suicide. Saul was treated for hsi depression with soothing music. Ajax commits suicide in the Illiad.
- Disorganized type of schiz. was formerly called
- Hebephrenic
- Disorganized type of schizophrenia
- Characterized by marked regression to primitive, disinhibited, & unorganized behavior and absence of symptoms for catatonic type
- Dopamine theory of schizophrenia
- Sch. results from too much dopaminergic activity. Meds that work on dopamine cause a drop in psychotic symptoms.
- Epigenetic principle
- Each stage of development follows and builds upon the one before, and each one must be satisfactorily passed through for development to proceed smoothly
- Eugen Bleuler based the term schizophrenia on
- the presence of a schism between thought, emotion, and behavior
- Eugen Bleuler coined
- the term schizophrenia and the 4 A\'s of schizophrenia
- Expressed emotion
- Parents or caretakers may behave with criticism, hospitality, and over-involvement towards a person with schizophrenia
- Eye movement dysfunction theory of schizophrenia
- The inability of a person to accurately follow a moving visual target is the defining basis for the disorders of smooth visual pursuit and the disinhibition of saccadic eye movements seen in schizophrenic patients. Eye movement disorder may be a trait maker for schizophrenia--since it is seen in first-degree relatives of these patients.
- Folie a deux
- a patient\'s psychiatric symptoms develop during a long-term relationship w. another person who had similar psychotic syndromes before the onset of the symptoms in the patient w/ the shared psychotic disorder
- Frontal lobe : research interest
- Of interest in research on mood disorders and schizophrenia.
- Frontal lobe functions
- Motor activation, conceptual planning, aspects of personality, aspects of language production
- Good prognosis in schizophrenia involves
- Late onset, acute onset, good premorbid functioning, married, good support system, positive symptoms, obvious precipitating factors
- In the northern hemisphere, patients w/ Schizophrenia are born
- from January to April
- In the southern hemisphere, patients w/ Schizophrenia are born
- from July to September
- Kobo
- patient\'s delusion that his penis is shrinking and disappearing into his abdomen and that he may die. For women, it involves complaints that vulva,labia, and breasts are shrinking. SE Asia & some areas of China
- Learning theory
- A change in a person\'s behavior in a given situation brought about by repeated experiences in that situation.
- Negative symptoms
- affective flattening or blunting, poverty of speech, blocking, poor grooming, anhedonia, social withdrawal
- Normality as average
- Bell curve. Middle range is normal, extremes are deviant
- Normality as health
- Behavior assumed to be within normal limits when no manifest psychology is present
- Normality as process
- Normality is the end result of interacting systems; ie Eriksonian epigenesis
- Normality as Utopia
- Normality is a harmonious and optimal blending of the diverse elements of the mental apparatus that culminates in optimal functioning
- Occipital cortex
- Visual input.
- Operant conditioning
- Learning occurs as a consequence of action; related to trial and error learning
- Paranoid type of schizophrenia
- Typical paranoid schiz. patients are tense, suspicious, guarded, and reserved, and present w/ systemized delusions
- Parietal cortex
- Association cortices for visual, tactile, and auditory input
- Piblokto
- Arctic hysteria! Attacks lasting from 1 to 2 hrs, during which patients may scream and tear off and destroy their clothing; usually women; while imitating the cry of some animal or bird, they throw themselves on the snow or ice
- Poor prognosis in schizophrenia involves
- Young onset, insidious onset, no precipitating factors, poor premorbid functioning, single/divorced/widowed, poor support system, negative symptoms, many relapses, history of assaultiveness
- Positive symptoms of schizophrenia
- Delusions and hallucinations
- Postpartum psychosis
- Characterized by depression, delusions, and thoughts by the mother of harming either the infant or herself. Must be watched closely.
- Primary reason for schizophrenic patients\' relapse
- Noncompliance with antipsychotic medication
- Psychodynamic theories of schizophrenia
- The general psychoanalytic view of schizophrenia hypothesizes that the ego deficit affects the interpretation of reality and the control of inner drives, such as sex and aggression; it occurs as a consequence of distortions in reciprocal relationship between the infant and the mother; patient never achieves object constancy; early inability to achieve self-object differentiation.
- Residual type of schizophrenia
- Continuing presence of the schizophrenic disturbance, in the absence of complete set of active symptoms or suggestive symptoms to meet another type of schizophrenia. If delusions or hallucinations are present, they are not prominent and are not accompanies by strong affect.
- Schioaffective disorder
- Precense of a complete syndrome of symptoms for both schizophrenia and a mood disorder. During the same period of the illness, there havebeen dels or hals for @least 2 weeks in absence of prominent mood symptoms. The mood symptoms are present for a substantial portion of the total duration of the illness
- Schizophrenic patients have a higher ___ than do the general population.
- mortality rate from accidents and natural causes
- Schizophreniform disorder
- Symptoms same as for schizophrenia, except that they have been present for one month, but less than 6 months
- Schizophrenigenic mother
- Debunked theory that relationship with ma causes schizophrenia
- Soma
- Cell body, contains nucleus and other major elements of neural functioning
- stress-diathesis model of schizopphrenia
- A person may have a specific vulnerability (diathesis) that, when acted upon by a stressful influence, allows the symptoms of shiz. to develop
- Synapses
- Specialized area of contact between 2 or more neurons
- Temporal lobe functions
- language, memory, emotions
- The 4 A\'s of schizophrenia are
- affect, associations, autism, ambivalence
- The general psychoanalytic view of schizophrenia hypothesizes that the ego deficit affects the interpretation of reality and the control of inner drives, such as sex and aggression; it occurs as a consequence of distortions in reciprocal relationship betw
- Psychodynamic theories of schizophrenia
- The peak ages for onset for schizophrenia in men are:
- between 15-25
- The peak ages for onset for schizophrenia in women are:
- 25-35
- Theoretical and clinical concepts of normality in psychiatry fall under 4 functional perspectives
- 1)normality as health
2)Normality as utopia 3)Normality as utopia
4)Normality of process - True or false: schizophrenia is equally present in men and women.
- True
- Undifferentiated type of schizophrenia
- Clearly schizophrenic, but cannot easily be fitted into one of the other types
- Why is schizophrenia associated with birth months?
- Season specific risk factors: a virus or seasonal change in diet; those w/ a genetic predisposition for sch. have an increased biological advantage to survive season specific insults
- Wihtigo or windigo psychosis
- Cree, Ojibwa, and Salteaux Native Americans. Affected persons believe that they may be transformed into a wihtigo, a giant monster that eats human flesh
- __ in the family has been show to increase chances of relapse
- EE or expressed emotion in the family
- __ is a common cause of death among schizophrenic patients
- Suicide
