- 40-hour work week turns into __ hour work week because...
- technology allows 24/7 contact w/ workpeople work harder (due to job insecurities?)
- percent of teens who have seriously thought about suicide: ___percent who have attempted it: ___percent who complete it: ___
- 25, 10, .01
- best treatment for depression
- fluoxetine + CBT
- biological aging
- decline in functioning of organs and systems.differences seen because of genetics, lifestyle choices, living environment
- central characteristics of postformal thought
- relativism - awareness of multiple truthscontradictionsynthesis - take emotional and logical thoughts and integrate them into one cohesive decision
- changes in physical appearance
- loss of collagen = thinner, wrinklier skingray, thinning hair ~30
- cohabitation and divorce
- cohabitation does not lead to marital success, divorce rates higher, but does not necessarily cause divorce
- college = temporary increase in ____ behavior
- binge drinking
- communal mode of love
- give without expecting to receive, if not can lead to problems
- conflict decreases in ______adolescence
- later.because able to have more independence through part-time job and having a driver's license
- consummate love
- ideal form of love which involves all three facets of triangular theory
- critique of Marcia
- -not necessarily development, some go backwards, some forwards-may not be single status for one person -identity formation does not end up with emerging adulthood-foreclosure not necessarily bad
- dutch study on autonomy
- asked teens and parents about best age to do independence-related tasksagreed on sequence, but not timing (teens said earlier)
- Effects of Formal Operations
- - thinking about possibilities (what if)- thinking about hypothesis (if then)- thinking about abstract concepts- second-order thoughts (thinking about thinking - consequences of rumors)- able to carry on a discussion
- emotion and adolescence
- teens more emotional than adults - more euphoric and depressed in response to everyday life events (much more sensitive)
- erikson's stage 5
- identity vs. role confusiondeciding who to be when transitioning into adulthood (identity) vs. failure in identity formation marked by lack of adult path (role confusion)
- Erikson's stage 6
- intimacy vs. isolation-intimacy = mutually satisfying, close relationship with another person -need to balance the two: w/o intimacy face lonliness, isolation, self-absorption; w/o independence face defining self only in terms of oth
- factors predicting marital success
- 1. communication of emotion2. homogamy - similar values/interests3. age at marriage4. length of courtship5. timing of first pregnancy
6. warm, positive relationship with extended family7. stable marital pa - gender differences in suicide
- boys:girls = 5:1girls make more threats/unsuccessful attempts
- homogamy
- we choose a mate who is similar to us in external status, needs, interests, attitudes
- identity achievement
- a chosen, thought-out adult life path
- identity diffusion
- person aimless, without any life path
- identity foreclosure
- diffusion leads to this; acquisition of identity without any active seeking or thought
- imaginary audience
- belief that everyone is watching their every move, very self-conscious
- individuation
- becoming an individual, becoming emotionally separate from one's parentsconflict between this and autonomy peaks in mid-adolescence
- intrinsic and extrinsic career rewards
- intrinsic - satisfy creativity, autonomyextrinsic - work for external reinforcements like salary, prestige
- invincibility fable
- belief that one is immune to common dangers
- limitations of piaget's formal operations stage
- - not as early of an onset as he thought- not universal: not every adult can reason like scientists or debate abstract topics
- Marcia's Four Identity Statuses
- -identity diffusion-identity foreclosure-moratorium-identity achievement
- monk experiment
- at-risk teens respond more to negative faces than adults
- moratorium
- authorized period of waiting or delayErikson said that young people should take this to search for their identity during the fifth social stage of development.
- more likely to stay in college if you...
- become emotionally connected to schoolfind student-oriented faculty memberget to know advisor and find one you liketake advantage of work-study experiencesfind diverse group of friends in schoollive in dormsget
- negative resolution of erikson's stage 6
- isolation - inability/failure to achieve close relationship
- other key features of adolescence
- sensitive to hypocrisy and difficulty in making decisions
- people who cohabitate are
- less religious, of lower SES, and less conventional
- personal fable
- belief that one's thoughts, experiences, and feelings are unique - no one else could possibly understand what they are going through
- physical functioning in young adulthood
- physical prime in this stage - peaks at 30 health status peaks from 20-30 (disease rare, fewer colds and infections than childhood, only 1% of young adults limited by health condition)body reaches full form - generally see weight gain&nbs
- Piaget's 4th stage
- Formal Operation Stage- adolescent can reach abstract, scientific label- at ~12 years- thinking more abstract, hypothetical, systematic
- positive resolution of erikson's stage 6
- intimacy, committed relationship with sacrifice, compromise
- postformal thought
- accept contradiction and integrate different viewpoints into larger conceptual understandinginvolves reasoning that is adapted to subjective, real-life contexts subjective feelings, personal experiences must be integrated with object
- risk factors for suicide
- cannot solve problems and lack coping strategies to deal with stressorsbiggest determinant: availability of lethal means (guns used in 52% of suicides)
- risk-taking study
- teens do much more dangerous behavior when with social groups than when alone; young adults don't have as much difference
- smoking
- single biggest contributor to health problems
- sources of conflict for teens and parents
- discussion and issues of independence
- three reasons for cohabitation
- - limited cohabitation - based on convenience, share expenses - no long-term commitment
- premarital cohabitation - trial marriage- substitute marriage - long-term commitment without legal marriage - Triangular theory of love
- can break love down into three components:-passion - sexual arousal
-intimacy - feelings of closeness -commitment - marriage or exclusive, lifelong cohabiting relationships - U-shaped curve in marital happiness
- honeymooners have highest bliss10% say bliss lasts throughout, 90% say goes downhill from theredownhill slope levels out after year 4 - if make it there, are past "danger zone"
- what brain region changes most during adolescence?
- cerebellumtherefore, takes a long time to navigate a complex social world and juggle school, family, and social life
- what is seen in emerging adulthood?
- -better behavioral control-improved cognitive function-big adjustments and decisions (leaving home, finding career, finding partner)
- women have less job security because...
- lower paying job categoriesget paid less than men in same jobhave less continuous careers
- yurgleman-todd conclusions
- adolescents misread emotions on faces probably because adolescents and adults engage different brain regions (adults = frontal lobe; adol = amygdala)may explain communication problems between adults and teens
